p/p-J b**ft

A Brief General History of the- Construction IN

• STORAG;

of the Endicott oyster* of Seacostst Ttefensgs | ■

in the Continental United Sta/teSj
1P.8$- June 30,1912 ^ "

Prepared bjr
Charles W. Snell

DENVER SERVICE CE?]?ER
HETCEIC PRESirVATION TEAM
NATIONAL SftRK SERVICE
UNITED STATES DEPART!?: NT OF THE INTER ICE
DENVER, CO ORADO

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TAPIS OF ^OMTEirrS

Page
1# General Program of thn Lndicott Seacoast

Defense Syrte-n, ir„!'?UTQi7 1

2 . Submarine itines or Torpedo Defenses of. the
"Continent II United ^tat es tlcbb5L910 . . . 9

3 • Gun and fortar Batteries and delated Structures

and Plants , l^u:-lpl?_. . . Hi

a* Construction of Gun and Mortar IJrplacenents U;

b. Coast Artillery Organization, 1901-1907 2£

O Construction of Range and Position Finding Stations

at the Batteries ,l8jfe919 ?6

d. Searchlight Plants at the batteries ,1900-12 31

e» Ifodernizingthe Older Lndicott batteries IqqIi-12 3l±

h, Biblogranhy* -ag

Appendix I- Appropriations For Seaseoast Fortifications
in the Continental dnited Spates at 31 harbors
during the Endicott Period, 'Septerber 22,1888
to June 30,191? Ul

Appendix II- Appropriations by Fiscal Tear fcr Seacoast
Fortifications, Corps of Army Engineers,

Appendix: III- Record of Funding, Construction, Completion,
and Arming of Gun and ifortar Emplacements in
the Seacoast batteries in the Continental
United States fron «hily 1,1888 to June 30,
1910, by Fiscal Year £7

Appendix IV- Data on the Annual ^ate of Construction of
Range and Position Finding Stations at the
Coastal Gun and Ibrtar Batteries in the
Continental United States, 1898-1903 70

Appendix V. Data on Number and Rate of Construction of
Submarine i'*Lne or Torpedo Defense Structures,
1899- 1900.. 72

Appendix VI- list of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army,

from July 6,1888 to June 30,1912 7k

Appendix VTI-Notcs on Strength of U.S. Army and Navy,

Spanish American \Iaa[, 1898-99 75

Hl&l - ii -

iii

Table Contents (Continued) Pat/e

Appendix Tmi- Appropriations for Tr.ft Pci'iod Scacocijt
Defenses in Cub?., tho llr.wiian Island
and the Philippine Island, lJJ0U-19ir:

t<*

& .

- iii -

Cb-wW-fox/ 9J^C

A Brief History of tho Endicott Period Syr. tor, of
Sea-Coast Defences /y?K»the Contlr.cr.tal United States,

■ 1KP$ - Juno 30, 1912.

1. Generel ?rov?znslQtt.-l?12 i -

The development of giant«r^iia3#/ rifled, breechloading ,Lteel

cannon, improved gunpowder and projectiles for use in 'jfi&Ui- these

ti ■ numerous

weapons «/£5?W'/ifa-ffi rendered the maganif icent brick and masonry

sea-ccast fortresses of the so called "Third System", built by

the United States Government to protect its harbors from 1816 to

i860, obsolete after I86p« D hw3f»cls.d warships armed with

iiM\r the new steel rifles could destroy the nost powerful of

the masonry fortresses, vrhile at the same tine remaining beyond

I Sri ee tk h c/w-e-- it% &*/
the range of the forts armament.

/* ir^ f

Brigadier-General Thomas Lincoln Casey, Chief of Engineers,
United. States Army, explained America's need for a completely i
new {S^£& comprehensive system of coastal fortifications i&L
ti/@g&j&&9&0&& to Secretary of War P.. Procter in the following
terms r~fe£*r° :

■ The permanent (^ea-coastT && defenses of the country remain
in the same inefficient condition that has obtained since the
close of the>£ivil.4fer. No appropriation for new construction
has been made since that February 10, l?7r>...«

n Our country, great in population, wealth, and natural

resources,... is absolutely helpless against the attack of any

third rate power possessing iron-clad vessels armed with heavy

/\

rifled cannon.. •

• - 1-

"The Board on Fortifications (jttxe Endicott UoarT), organized
under the act of iferch 3, 1685, and the permanent Board of
Engineers ("U.S. An© nave :nade a careful study of the whole
problem, and an efficient system of defense

has been prepared and is awaiting construction. It only remains for
Congress to give life to the project by making the necessary
appropriations •

"The main features of this proj2ct,Sj(w/ General Casey continued, "are:
(1$ Armaments of the heaviest rifled guns mounted on disappearing
carriages, which, while widely dispersed, can concentrate their fire
on the enemy's vessels, and whifch, in range and penetration of projectiles,
will, equal if not exceed the heaviest fire that can be brought against
them by the most powerful *jffidj6 flest, thus keeping the latter at a
safe distance or destroying it while attesting to pass the mined
area.

"(2). A well developed system of submarine mines planted in the channels #*(
roadways for the purpose of holding the vessels of the enemy under the
fire of our guns and preventing their running the batteries and reaching
the harbors and cities.
"(3) The protection of these mined areas from counter-idling and removal
„by batteries of rapid-firing guns of small caliber and wide field of
fire.

- 2 -

Explaining the new defensive problem?, General Casey wrote:

"The great increase in effective range of the present heavy rifles
over those of former years has greatly changed the ecctent and character
of the defense, Where formerly 1,000 3'ards was deemed a safe allowance for
the position of fortifications in advance of the city or depot to be
defended, l!i,000 to 17000( 8 to 10 miles) is now considered not too far
for the exterior line of defense,...

"detailed projects for the defense of our principal sea -board cities
and roadsteads have been or are being prepared. Those relating to the gun
defense provide for five classes of work mounting the heaviest rifle cL
ordnance :

(1) Hortar batteries, with and without scarp walls and flank defenses.

(2) Earbetteif batteries armed with guns mounted on disappearing carriages.
(3). barbette batteries armed with gouns mounted on vertical lift

carriages »
(li) Iron-clad casemated batteries.
(5) Iron or steel turrets.

"The efficiency and economy incident to the first three classes are sc
well determined that I am prepared to recomend their immediate cons timet ion
at 3oston, Mew York, Hampton Roads (Va 7), San Francisco, and Washington,!) .3.
as the commencement of a comprehensive system of defense, which should be

1
extended to other localities from year to year..."

1. Annual Report of tha chief of Engineers, U.S. Ariry, for the Fiscal Yeat
EndArig June 30,1M9 (Washington, fVJ.,lb'h?USerial 271fc),pp. h-6. His
Annual Reports hereafter refered to as ARCE . Also Emanuel Raymond Lewis,
American Sea.coast/tfi0&f&iim&&or^ An Introductory History

(Washington, D.C.,1970}, pp.7S-77«

-3 -

"The Board on 'Fortifications," just mentioned by General Casey,
had been appointed by President Grover l&Ssi^- Cleveland in 188^.
Headed by Secretary of War William. C0 Endicott and composed of
officers of the facrp and^avy, as well as civilians, their function *v«t$

to make a complete review of the coastal defenses of the country and
to submit recommendations for a new program. Not since 1816, when
the four-nan board**" headed by Evt. brigadier General Simon Bernard
from France had made a study which-**- the Third System coastal forts,
had the subject of fortifications, types of armament, etc, been

subjected to such an intensive study. The SSB^ Lndicott Board

2
made its report on January 16,l86p.

The Board recommended that new fortifications be constructed

£2j*27 harbors or ports and thet thes e batteries should be supplemented

A

by submarine mine fields, floating batteries, and small torpedo boats.

The total cost of this program, including the cost of £77 heavy guns

A

( 8 to lo-inches) and 72li-10-?nd 12-inch mcrtars, toother with their

3

carriages, the Board estimated would come to $ 126,377,800.03.
Their consolidated estimate of ccsts *se as follows

1. /Construction of masonry and eatfivTork batteries $ 31,863,000

at 0 27 ports. ^

2. Armor for the batteries • 20,300,000

3 . Structural metal for the batteries 3 ,320,000

Subtotal for construction of gun emplacements jVSQrl, 3 01 5>5,aC3*OQO
h6*«!j guns and mortars : v<*t

2. Report of the Board on Fortifications or ^her Defenses Appointed by
the President of the United States Under the irov:-.sions of the Act of
Ifarch 3,1085( House Executive Document U9» k9th Congress, 1st Session)
ferial Ilumbers 239$ and J76), hereafter referred to as the Endicott
Board Report. (Washington.D.C. ,1886).

3. Endflcott Report > Part l(Serial 2395), p. 28

U. For manafacture of 577 heavy steel rifle and
72U steel mortars J(2H,55U,000

5. For manufacture of 1,301 gun

and mortar carriages, « 18,675,000 __

" Subtotal for guns and carriages,' $ U7,U29,OO0 # k?,U29,000

6. For submarine Mines anH Adjutants!

HincsLn store 1,U21 i,"0l 0
Mines to be

purchased lt,7U0 ***> $ 1,609,000

*Jb-7**W 6,161 mines $ 1,659,000 3

Operating rooms

or mining casemates

to be built/ 50 rooms- avfc $ 635,000

Electric lights j,
■ etc. for mines 200 olants «wrtP 1,200,000 -

Subgiptal, IjEriillg structures : $1,835,000 ' *

<• « *

Subtotal, items 1 to 6: $ 107,21*6,000

7. For Floating Batteries (£4. built) . * h, 33U,000

8. For Torpedo Boats ( gffi built> ' g ",720,000

Grand total estimated cost: $ 126,377,800.00

Cn March 29,1887* the Board of Engineers was directed by
Secretary of "7ar Endicott to begin preparing plans for the defense of
the Nation^^s more important harbors in accordance with the recorjnen'.!at5.o:
of the Enfcdicott Board, Operating under these ^j^* guidelines, the Engineer
Board ■ undertook a thorough revision of plans for the defense of our 'o

•

chief ports by submarine mines and study of the precise locations of the ^
new armaments rendered necessary by modern modes of attack," %

o

c
2w Endicott Board Report, Part 1( 2395), p. 25, 28. WM/,U (i< (Witi1 ()*\C <M( |a

5» ¥*&*& Chief of Lncineers, Brigadier General William P. Craighill to £■

^ Secretary of War Daniel S. Lamont, Sept. 29,1096, in Kenort of the Secretary 0ft
1 Being Part of the /fessagospnd Docirients Communicated to" the Tijq /Alonr,a: cj /

6

During the period 1007 to June 30,1901 detailed plans Tor the

artillery and submarine mine defenses of 31 key harbors in the

Continental United States were prepared by the board of F.nrir.eers,

approved by the Secretary of War, and funded by Congress. These

harbors were as follows: On the Atlantic Coast: Penobscot River,

Ifeine ; Kennebec River, 'kine; Portland, *&.ine; Portsmouth, H.H.;

Boston, Mass.; Hew Bedford, Jfess.; Uarragansctt Bay, Rhode Island;

J^Jiouthern Entrance to
Eastern Entrance to Long Island Sound, N.Y.; .Kew York City, N.Y.j

Delaware F.iver( Philadelphia, Pa.); Baltimore, I41.J Washington,r>.C.
(Potonac River, Ma.-Va.) ; Hampton Roads, Va.; Entrance to Chesapeake
Bay at Cape Henry, Va.; Wilmington, IT.C.(Cape Fear River); Charleston,
S.C.; Port Royal, S.O.; Savanr.ah,Ga.; and St. Johns River, Fla.( Jackson-
ville). Ch the Gulf of Mexico Coast: Kay «est,Fla., Tampa Bay, Fla.,
Pensacola, Fla,; Mobile, Ala.;- New Orleans, Tja.; Sabine Pass, Texas;

and Galveston, Texas. On the ^B?" Pacific Coast: San Biet*o, Calif.;
San Francsico, Calif.; /Ibuth of the Columbia River, Oregon and "Washington,
and PugetV Sound, Washington. .-Finally, Lake Champlain, N.Y.- Vt.

The first act of Congress based on the Lndicott ftt^BcTd "teport
was approved September 22,1888. It crcatrd the Board of Ordnance and
Fortification and made appropriations for the beginning the manufacture

>ast qrdnanoa.uO^jg $ 200,000 for th

of modern seacoa,st ordnance taeiffj % 200,000 for the cor.imen cement of

the submarine or torpedo idfiHJ^ defense program. The first appropriatic».|

6. ARCE, for Fiscal Yeecd 1901 (Serial )ilili)i)',p. 6,

7. ARCE, for Fiscal Year^BSg^lgP9,p. 5, 7

-6-

»- $ 1,221,000, providing for the construction of the Ilndicott period

coastal gun and mortar W. V rirs was made- in the Act of August 18,

8
1890.

By June 10,1° 10, vrhen the construction en the 2-ndioott Datteries

had largely cone to a halt, the t^tf^^^^K^st^i^ii Yu V, / 'Af. Jongress

had approprirted a grand total of !* 32,673, htid. 7? fcr the purpose

of building and maintaining the seacoact def/snaes ?t 31 ports in

9
the^cntinental United States. from July 1,1888 to June 30,1910.

Of this ™, $ 5, 196,957.36 waejfor subrr.rir.e rrfne T?fi7r~Jwi( ief^r
and $ h.7»U7o,aol.OU j>or ^^g construction, maintenance, and plp.nt
operation of the coastal gun and mortar batteries. Of the m#

;es

figure, $ li2,^?7,?62 was for the construction of the gun enplncenente

and their supporting strocturoS'ind plants, and ■'• -v., 532,^00 ?or routine

^ the forts 10 * "

mainterrnce/after completion, . In 190? the Chief of Liiiginoers

estimated that additional appropriations of $ 10,^31*336 vrould be

built
required to/ f&&twtfak/the A'JiMif gun /.(t'rm'tdmtf emplacements proposed

as necessary to complete

}) , . i"i Ji>» ^ the cpfensive sy.
11
United States.

ystens at j -? : ports in the Continental

8 . ARCS, for Fiscal Year l5?l,pp .U-5 .

9. See Appendix No, 1^ f* ^-^3, *'** W--V L AlWA^dT^-ft.

10. Ibid.

11. ARCS, *'or Fiscal Year 1909 ,p. 11.

7

8
For these \ \\\\ '"im n f' r [_run and mortar emplacements, 108C-l?lO,

Permanent Permanent L:.;;,lacem<j:its Total of

the following work had been accomplished ^ ^

Total of

emplacements emplacements emplacements muter Purmaaent

funded by completed -wwwrl with Construction

Qongrcss » ' mounted trans

Emplacements-

Heavy Guns: 33 9a. 30? b

12" ifcrtars 376 376

P.apid-Bire 521 516 c

Guns

293 b
376
U33 c

2
0
k

3CU
376
520

Totals : I72T6~a 1,19k

1,102

1,200

tfo. of emplacements
proposed to be
built Ctffnot
yet funded by

Congress/

Grand total of

permanent

emplacements

approved by

S~ec« of War^lSlS..

Heavy Guns 5?
1?" Mortars 88

Rapid Fire
Buns

!:<

359 b
565 c

Totals :

188

1,388 guns 12

S*wK on the six;

»<M

No* and Type of oea Coast
Defense Guns available, 1910

12 inch rifles : 105

10 inch rifles : 132

8 inch rifles: 66

Heavy Ciiuis T~ 305
12 inch mortars* 376
rapid fire, guns J. 536 Q°

Totals:

L,217(l3)

JcjJZto^ Chx<r+>« I

*"4- emplacements *.ias completed by
on the construction of.rn^ieottj&atteries in the
continental United States came to halt* Oumjj.. u^-tio'i 0,1 c.:'. J.biuiic.1

June 30,1912,

"— <JU... Ll

I _^li - - " ---- -• ■ u. « j. - i I-.-*.

d. The 536 rapid-fire guns included 191 six-inch guns; >J; 5-ir.chX-uns, 37 1l7-

inch and h-inch guns, and 25u 3-inch guns. In addition mm* not included in"
this total, there were 70 2,24-inch (or six pounder) rapicjfgulis on moveable mounts
that^didjiot require permanent emplacements , .making a grand total p£ 1,2.C7 guns.

a. Includes 36 temporary emplacements built . ' f lf. T1'1"..' 1 T._'ir.i'.i".fif|fi "..V.J." as special
defense measures during the Spanish American War* /S"9*"-y?,

b. Ls&lusive of 35 heavy runs thelxa^were temporarily mounted in temporary
emplacment 3 /*>•». /S"?**'T'-

c. Exclusive of one rapid fire gun that was mounted temporarily 0im

12. See Appendix III , «• S?-6yf<>r fro ^ Hcro.rdjt e»i pU*t*e+r 0>«&-*«T^

13* ARCE, for fiscal Year 1910, p.13,

H, SubmarJr.e Mines or Torpedo Pe-fenses of tho Continental
United Statns, INW-IS'10.

As has been noted, the Act of September 22,1888 appropriated
for
$ 200,000 " Sorpedoes for harbor defenses," thus narking the

A a ^

beginning of the program to protect imnortart . hafctoors with submarine

mines* With the initial funds construction was commenced on three

mining casemates, one A^- each located at Forts SchrQyer and Vfadsocrth,

New York^and Fort "arren,Iioston, ifess. Th<; second appropriation of

i-faxch 2,1899 provided f\inds for five more casemates, one each i^-,vr"

the Port at V'illets Point and Fort Lafayette, Hex: York, the # Fort at

Sandy Hook, N.J., and at Alcatraz Island and Point San Jose, the latter

two posts in San FrancistSo Harbor, Cal.

By June 30,1891 nine mining casemates and their cable galleries

had been completed: 2 at Boston, five at New York, and two at San 'vanciscc.

tTCa* centres f0r s±gzt ports

Three more were under construction* a total of IffTharf been funded by

appropriations and the Chief A& cf Engineers estimated that a granfl total

S\*-/» nt*jj*fr 1$ ......

of 30 casemates wcwld be needed, ffif79%%SgBSf 55SSS$£ ''i-^-pA&J
A

Um4$£L r— " f * TV W&gmSt T7 7irfiri' ""'"■' M ■ i ' f "1 1 1 'Vn' I ' f 1

///te&j^^r r fi/.iar; ' '. aaJSgSSig^^gJry From July 1,18130 to June 30,

1897. * grand total of $ 7>2, 081.08 w^ appropriated for torpedo structures 1
(mining casemates, cable galleries, -a*** pahle storage tanks l,-a«s*"si»*t;
0 ruVinji *•<»• 37 casemates |f and of this total, 31* ? W ! *w j... located at

22 ports *e*»e complete*/

Ui. ARCS, for Fiscal Year 16G9,p. 7.
Ig> ARCE, for Fiscal Ycar 1691s p. 6.
•16«ARCE» for Fiscal Xearjieplg V&M 11. Also see Appendix V.

10

The^r with Spain, April 2£,lG98- ApriUj 11,1099, provided a tost

of the new submarine nine defnsive sj^jyteri of the United States*
fir^'Jtir fy*rJt*+i 0c^»v. r%V~. ko*J j
yj >(he "hicf of Engineers reported: "At the outbreak of hostilities there

a.

were on hand considerable number^ of nine casec and a limited wfaLjg&X/

quantity of operating apparatus, but no cable, explosives, search lights,

or any of the multitude of miscellaneous minor articles needed to pl-..\t.

and operate the nines. Steps were inmediatcly taken to procure as rapidly

as possible all needed riaterial and for placing in position at every

important Anrelininary line of rineri. The total allotmer^s from the

appropriation for "National Defense". made by the President for the

torpedo ;3££^2a=^ defenses of the country aggregated $ 1, ^ij.0,000.

In addition, the deficiency act of May U,ll,08 appropriated $ $0,000 for

the purchase of material and $ 330*000 for planting aid aaint&ining the

• mine f ields .", i jfrv more important iteiws of torpedo material purchased

with these funds, the Chief of Engineers continued: " comprise about

U00 miles of single and multiple cable, 1,^00 tons of explosives, 1,65>0

new torpedo cases, )\k electric search lights, 3*?00 compound plugs for

mines, li,£00 circuit closers and regulators, and 1? sets cf caseT^-.te

operating * All of the above material, excepting the esplosives, with a

vast anount of minor articles, w<£tf> purchased and distributed through the

fjJ.S J Engineer Depot at Willets Point, N.Y. At the close of the fiscal

year(7une 30,189]T) submarine mines to the number of over 1,^00 had been

planted in 28 different harbors, witli all their cables, anchors, junction

boxes, and the necessary operating apparatus installed. For the preservation

and maintenance of the mine fields it was necessary to enforce spoaia ferules

approved by the ""ecretary of War for the navigation of friendly vessels,

involving the employment of * a large number of tugs and boats, with

10

11

■ nunerous personnel, at an approximate average daily cost of nearly
$ 3,000» In this connection," the ^hief of Engineers reported," some
assistance was kindly furnished by boats belonging to the Light-House

Establishment and to the Revenue-Marine Service, whose cooperation

17
proved of material value."

QlWw-J ^-'«'SJ^ 9-£j*-4,r— H

On June 30,1899, Bse-Cw&ef of Bngfawerg reported: At the clc-e
of the preceeding (^fiscal} year submarine nines had been planted and
and were being mainteined in 28 harbors of the ^nited ^tatec. Funds for
the purchase of material and for operation and ^S&i maintenance of the
mine fields were derived the 0 deficiency acts of -fey h and July 7>18°8,

and from Presidential allotments from the appreciation for " National

Gutter <JU,<xcti£ Hsv^ % feffit)
Defense/. raking an aggregate of <3^&& $ 2,3°0,7U9.?° for these purposes.

A

The mine field were maintained until the signing of the peace protocol
with Spain (Epril 11,18?^ when they were removed, partly by explosion
and partly by raising and unloading, and all mat erialj^!^ recovered was
cleaned and stored for future use.

The deficiency act of July 7, 18?8, appropriated $ 6£0,000 for the
purchase for torpedo material and £ 736,000 for the planting and ma,int raining
of the mine field , avp liable until January 1,1099. The latter was not
required, in consequence of the cessation of hostilities, and the entire
amount ^as reverted to the Treasury by limitation of law. Of the
appropriation of $ 650,000 there was a net er^enditure of $ U£8, 189. 9k,
applied to the purchase of 1,U00 additional submarine mines, 300 miles of

cable, supplies for operating electric searchlight and power* plants, and

ARCD ^fcfc 1808

17»MB8P,.Fiscal W jgfglggfe. 12.

11

12

"sundry accessories* The unexpended balance of 3 191,810.66 has reverted
to the TReap^iry. Of the appropriation of irny U,1B°8, the sun of $ 60,768.39
also reverted to the Treasury by limitation. ••••

ion, the ChioJ

Of the general operation, the Chief of Engineers remarked:

A

"The practical experience gained with the adopted torpedo systesi during
the war tfjVlUtt/MX-'Vn:^^^^ Spain has proved .

invaluable. In general, the system has fully reaDdzed all expectations, and,

vxith the exception of a few minor details, no changes are contemplated.

Sufficient mines and cable are now on hand for present needs at all harbors

where torpedo defenses are contemplated. A considerable number of minor

articles are, however, lacking, some having never been supplied and sows

the
hawing been destroyed or lost as a result of war operations of last

A

summer*.. Finally, the Chief of Engineers warned: "For the proper care of
torpedo material in store additional cable, tanks and storehouses are

required at several localities. To provide all the minor articles
of torpedo marerial now lacking, and for the construction of addition?!

casemates and storage facilities, an appropriation cf $ 10C,0CG is requBstec:i

10

Ey the Att-bt reorganization act of February 2,1901, the torpedo

defense of the seacoast devolved upon artillery troops. The of June 6.

1902, assigned to the Artillery Ccrps the taSk of purchsing torpedo

materials proper, such as cables, cases, floating riant, etc., but left

the task of constructj^fcng the building^. such as the casemates, csble

galleries, cable tanks, and torpedo storehouses, with the Corps of

20
Engineers.

18 » ARCS, for fiscal year 1699, p. !$•

19. ARCE, for fiscal year 1902,p.l3.

20. AP.CE, for Fiscal Year 1903>P»13. 12

Dj'irfuii 'J. J, IPO? , the Chief of Engineers requested

A jo

additional appropriations under a new heading: "? reservation and

^ *w3padr of Jorpe do structures , expl? ining :

J1 A lartje number of these new torpeo o-*Jft!<i Jtitf. 0/ defence structures

<c^ are now approaching completion or have been completed. In accordance
W vrith the views of the artillery authorities, they are in ^reat

_ measure built of timber and comi[rated iron, which permits the

A§\

* electrical instruments to be kept in dry, well-lighted rooms, but

which makes the structures themselves liable to more rapid deterioration
^ and decay than the more costly structures cf concrete and masonry

adopted by the Engineer department when it had charge of j^S^jr" torpedo

A

operations(pj^^^%I '-''- u-.'.j ?,!., 7T;, . An e stimate of $ 5>0,000 is

therefore submitted for the preservation and repair of these buildings,

to be applied to miscellaneous repairs to the more recent timber

structures as the necessity therefor may arise, and. to the prevention

of dampness, etc. in the older concrete and brick structures which are

still kept in service. The appropriations made to date for building

torpedo structures aggregate $ l,77d,000, and it is believed that the

above estimate for maintenance is reasonable when considered in

connection with the original cost of the buildings andj$the character

of those recently erected. Peginaing with the Act of June 2£,1?05 ,

Congress began making appropriations ranging from $> 10,000 to $ 20,000

a year for the " Preservation and Repair of Torpedo structures • The

22
total thus appropriated from 1906 to June 30,1912 came to $ 115,000.

21. AP.CE, for Fiscal Year l°0$,p. 12.

22. See Appendix Ij ft 5*1,

313

* Ik

By June 30,1906 the total amount of noney appropriated for the

construction of torpedo structures came to $ 1,9^3*00 and by June 30,

.23
1912 this figure amounted to $ 2,1^3,000. The first jeneration of

jf^S^torr^odo structures, lt!fiC-190|, generally speaking, were constructed

concrete ««rbrickj^ and the second generation, ft the request of. the

-Artillery Corps who now Tanned these works ,— 5**f^^SPj ww* usually

built of wood.
3. GUN AID HCT'.y?. BATIg^S /.MP 7EIATLD STKwCTTXS fJff ?IA ;*£:., 1^-19 12

a* Const taction of Gun and Mortar Empla cements, If ; 36 -1912.

The first act of Congress appropriating aonegrJ"$ 1,221,000, for

the construction of the Endicott period gun and mortar battaries

was approved, as has been mentioned, on August 18,lfJ°3« This5e">i

was etiicMy followed by a second appropriation of t- 750,030 on Februar;-

23>1^91. These funds were utilized to begin the construction of

coastal batteries at fire ports : Boston, New York City, Washington^ C .- ,

2U J

Hampton Poads, Va., and San Francisco. By June 30,1892. construction

was underway on 69 emplacements at the five ports. Twentyone- of

emplacements were for heavy ( 6, 13, and l?i::ch ) guns and US vsrc for

12 -inch mortars. Vir. 1395 work was in progress en U2 emplacmcnts
- " at 22 ports

eni

a j at 22 ports

at 11 ports and ^1696 112 emplacemenfcAhad been funded by

appropriat ".on" - - ^•*i rQ T$

npletioi
to be w ■ n.u'i more difficult task xluring the first years. By June 30,

Completion and arming of the emplacements, however, proved
JZL /

\
189U, only two 12-inch ri£les were mounted, or nearly mounted, in their

23 » ARCE, for Fiscal Year Ip06,p.l0 and Appendix No. l/^^/>

2U. ARCS, for Fiscal Year lfj91, S.

2$. See Appendix Ul/tfor the record of fundingw^onstructine, completing,
and Orming of the Gun* and ,'lbrtar ^attcries,loj58-l912.

m it

IS

emplacements. Chief of (Engineers Thomas L. Casey described thp
situation as follows : "I One 12-ir.ch rifle is new mounted and j.t is
ejected that this fall. a second will be in a completed battery for
tht&etM. defense of Mew York Harbor. bach of these guns is mounted
on lift/, by which the gun m?y be completely levered for loading cut

/v n j

of sight of an enemy in 26 seconds.^ and the loaded gun raised-^ por
firing in 21 seconds? and the ammunition may be raised by another
lift in 17 seconds* The weight of gun and carriage thus lowered and

V

raised is about 108 tons....& Cut ho noted: " The completion of

/ ' o
emplacements for 17 lOninch sand c-inch guns, to be mounted on

disappearing carriages, /is delayed by want of carriages on which to

nount the guns, and that of soyen emplacements for 12 -inch r.nd 10-inch.

guns is likely to /be delayed fcr the same reason this f is oil year.

T / \

*t is hoped and urged that appropriations nay be made for the manufacture

of the disappearing carriage which nes been invented by the Qrdnan^:

Department a4id has proved itself* frofc the very first, eaual to all
/ \ 26

the requirements which such a carriage\ must fulfill..."

/
By June 30, l696v28U emplacements had been funded , construction

was underway on 16£ at 22 ports, 92 emplaomer.ts had been completed,

and 72 of these armed with thrir weapons. The Chief of Engineers

also reported: J' During the past year a system of fire control for

the fortifications of the various ports has been elsfyvri.teCL aiid has

3$£443&{ received the approval of the Secretary of V/ar. This system

calls for the erection of observation stations in connection with the

26. AF.CE for fiscal year 189lt,p. $•

tf

16

"batteries. This work forms a part of tho engineering vrork of

fortifications, Preparations are nowi^iwbeing made for the erection

27
of three. such stations,"

The act of June 6,lf!°6 also provided, in addition to appropriations,

•That contracts may be entered into, under the direction of the Secretary

of War, for materials and work for construction of fortifications, to be

r>?.id for as approbations nay from tirie to tiiic be rc.de by law, to aii

additional sum in the aggregate not to exceed to exceed $ 2,5^0,000,"

By June 3O91B97,^4J!0M raider this authority contract! had been entered

into for constructing 70 onplacments • But the Chief i&f- cf Engineers

noted: " The contract system in its application to fortifications is

open to grave onj action,*, chief amongst which is the undue publicity

necessarily' given to the plans to enable intending bidders to submit

proposals intelligently. The character of the work is such that perfect

freedom to introduce changes during &siu3t&¥¥ construction is extremely

desirable, a freedom that iaseriously hampered by the existence cf a

contract, A comparison of the results »€£252laccomplJshed during the past

fiscal year between the contract I r.d hire-labor svstens shows that the

latter is in every way superior, being more rapid, satis factor}', and enuslly

economical, A continuance of the contract svpstcr. in connection with the

26
construction of f crtificationo can not be recommended."

. uiwctt, , . i i^1 commenting on the completion rate and arming of emplacements
for J ^-M^n *du+U Qrtfa

a the ^hief if Engineers » remarked: " The relatively greater progress made in

27. ARCS for Fiscal Year 1896, 10,11.

28. AP.CK for Fiscal Year lfi97,p, &f y»

•••■■•- u.

v . •Ca.'Vt'

* «* **"* " ^e to **** 6 or ^

^^ ..eedoJ^' .^fitan?--* J&0***"

*'* -****""* n^.W9»W »

-B^-5-'17 «e =** * . » «> o£ **e

^^ „ j*****" _ £or «**" „., .«• c09"

^ ana <»-**** tei o£ »*• C°r' . ^ lees «*» * . „*»»•

> ^ tj- — ^6;lor.e or. - ^ ^

-*i£sr&"- ?fpcw(l> ,r_incu >->

.^-*^e^— ^z*** ******

C

first est*-*

16

J&.

Thr; war with Spain hart a fi?0Sft decided effect on fortification

program- Chief of Engineers John H. Wilson ritt&te'JrW* * *** «'*'** '

. " -Qi conequence or the war with Spain and the possibilities of

hostile attacks upon our coasts, urgent and pressing deuands were made
by Senators, "spresentatives, and local business interests for the

immediate erection of seacoast batteries at miner ous points not
contenplated in the general scheme of national defense. When it is considered
that the aggregate length of the^Ccast of the liiitcri States, exclusive of
Alaska, is 5*715 miles, and that more than 700 towns and villages en this
extensive line can be attacked by ships drawing 10 feet or more of water,
the practical impossibility of immediately and adequately defending every
vulnerable point become readily apparent. Such an extensive development of
works is not contemplated or necessary in a national system of defense wfcion
takes cognizance only of points important by reason of thpjr wealth and
population or of their strategical situation. In the j^S^bsence of any
available modern armament, the Secretary of 'Jar directed the immediate
construction of temporary batteries, mounting old-style armament and siege
guns, for the defense of a nuriber of exposed localities, including seme
which are AteJdA* embraced in the qc^iheme of national defense. The loealiti
at which temporary batteries were ordered arc Bar Harbor, Ife., Stonington,
Bridgeport, and New Haven, ^-Conn.j ^ort Royal and Georgetown, S.C.j "runswicl:
and JS3F Barien, Ga.; ncuth of St. JojpiS River, St. Augustine, »&ami, and
Tanipa, Fla., and Sabine Pass, Tex. In addition to the foregoing tempcrary
batterfces, preparations were made against possible hostile attacks, by
overhauling, cleaning, and putting in serviceable condition the existing
armament, and by temporarily mounting within them additional guns, at the
follwing old-type works : Fort Knox, Fort Popham, Fort Trumbull, Fort i'frnroe,

18

19

" Fort I&con, Fort Pulaski, Fort Clinch, Tort .brgan, Fort Jackson, and

31
forts ir. San Francieco r.ay...."

Turning to the effects on the construction of tip permanent

seacoast fortifications, brigadier General l/ilson reported:

"V/hen the diplomatic relation;; v;ith Spain began to assume a threatening

character, orders were given to push work with all possible energy, and

to mount every available gun as fast as delievered. Operations were

carried on with double, and in some cases, three, shifts, of workmen,

and were pushed, regardless of weather and' climate. The extraordinary

efforts made have resulted in a most gratifying progress, especially

in the number of guns mounted and available f c ■■: service as

32
compared with the previous year.,.."

The number of guns permanently mounted in permanent eri^nlnsruBnt
increased frcm 106 June 30,1897 to .290 by June 30, 1B?8 and to
390 by the end of the 1899 fiscal year. Hinety-two £fctt additional
guns were also mounted temporarily in temporary emplacements to
make the grand total of all guns available for coastal defense

38? in 1898 and 1*82 in 18??. ( See Chart lit *$.) Wilson also
J*>i>gd that a considerable mriber of rapid-fire ;;uns had been mounted

L<4ft8?Bl fiscal year^.Vi<L-M- that provisic

during the^in?cj| fiscal year#^5R"S»^ that nrovirion had been made

33
for the manufacture and emplacing of a iterge additional number. ••

31. ARCE for I&scal Year I8?8,p. 8.

32. Ibid., p. 10.

33. Ibid., p. 8/.

19

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20

Wilson further reported: 'jKsarly all of the gun and mortars

mounted at the close of the fiscal year have been transferred to the

artillery for use and care under the provisions cf A^ry Rsgulationsj

m86. The care and service of this modern armament has largely

increased the responsibilities devolving upon the artillery arm of

the service, and has developed a defect in its organization which

calls for pro: ipt<8fcK remedy through legislation by Congress. , ?h*

new batteries either have been or will shortly be eciiipprgErrith

electric- light and power plants for lighting the magazines and

passageways, and for operating the ammuntion lifts. A still

further extension of the application of electrical power is sought

by the artillery arm and may be realized in the near future. The

pl-nts installed for this purpose by the Engineer department, ;:hile as

simple as circumstances will permit, cfemand for t^hcir proper care,

preservation, and operation Y a greater 'degree of mechanical and

electrical intelligence than can ordinarily be supplied by the enlisted

men of the a rtillery. instances of damage have already occurred where

the care and operation of these plants have Veen intrusted tnAnli--tod

men, and it ha? become necessary to pro^/idc tertporc=rily for the

employment of a number of civilian electrical and mechanical experts

from the limited funds at the disposal of the ^hief of Engineers. It

is exceedingly desirable that all operations connected with the service

of the modern batteries be conducted by men regularly enlisted and ft

amenable to military discipline, and it is earnestly recommended that

legislation be obtained providing for the enlistment "^^ in each battery

of artillery of two or more machinist electricians at a rate of pay which

will secure a class of men capable of property caring for and operating

the electric-light and power plants of modern batteries."

- 20-

21

General Wilson then pointed to a second problem area :
"As new batteries are being, completed and transferred to the
artillery, questions of tactics an:l organization are arising which
require careful consideration, in order that the highest efficiency
nay be realized from the new system of defense. These defenses for
any locality comprise net only gun rnd mortal' Latteries, usually
separated from^e.ch other by intervening woter areas, but submar5nc
nines, search lights, and position-finding instruments, each separate
elenent demanding a high degree of technical skill arO involving the
functions of the artillery arm and of the Lnginoers, ?nd Signal
departments* The conple::ity and variety of the elements of a
perfected r.odem schome of seacoast defense strongly suggest the
necessity for a single head at each locality, vrho shall be responsible

for the conduct of the defense-, and to whom all other shall be

3U

subordinate • . •"

By June 30, 1099, Chief of Lnginuers V/ilson cculd report:
"The temporary batteries erected during the war with Spain at various

roints on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts... vrere naint? iricd until the

close of the war. 1hose erected on private land have since been

abandoned and provision made 2^ for t he storage and care of the

armament.." J/nder the National Defense Act of 4irch ?,10?8 a.0 totrl

of $ 3O6,8O5.0H had been allotted and expended for these temporal?.-

batteries of old-type guns along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts.

3U- AP.CE for Fiscal Year lft98,P. H.
3$. ARCE for Fiscal Year 1899, p. 10.

21

22

"The experience gained with contract work under the act

of June 6,1896," he reported," has proved instructive, if not

profitable! with few exception:-, the character of the work has been

poor, necessitiating expensive re->cirs since completion ci' the

contracts, and in nearly every case have extensions of t.iri0 been

1/ /b-V* *~$ T^m^ P+uioL'y. Off- eiJCro- t,~.j 'faciei r*<crJ ffii~/$ JLC
necessity "While the act cf 4arch 2,169.9, Tor the *"/cct:

reorganization of the. Army provides for the enlistment of two

mechanics in each battery of heavy ^Lart?1 lery and of an electrical

sergeant at each artillery post, sufficient tine J^as not yet elapsed

to procure suitable nen to fill these positions. The absence of

two regiiients on foreign service and the increasing nuriber of poets

requiring garrisons have necessitated such a Cc:j?ee of division ir;

available artillery troops that the nuriber at Many i:.r>ortant ports

is entirely inadequate for the proper care of the batteries. liy

reason of the existing conditions, considerable work, especially that

of mounting ordnance, which should ordinarily be performed by the

troops, has necessarily devolved upon the Engineer Depart! tent,

and this state of affairs will probably continue until the artillery

persoiinel is increased to the extent necessary for the new order of

things ,"36

In, June 1?00 General Wilson informed the Secretary of V/ar:

M Stimulated by the larger appropriations of more recent years and.

the war with Spain, the seaccast defenses cf the United States are

to-day, 0- ten years after theMatS?/ actual comnemcompnt of worka, about

50 per cent completed. Twenty-five of the principal harbors of the

36. ARBO for Fiscal Year 1699, p. 12. cUMrfC** ii+JCJ*£ti.*4'*J^

&*>M GmiJU* +\*& '*** CriSe^'#*"*'

23

"United States have now a sufficient number of heavy ^uns and
mortar3 mounted to permit of an effective defense against naval
attack, itaring the past fiscal year considerable pro-press has

also tr.en nade toward the installation of an adequate rapid-fire

37
armament, which is now a matter of the first importance. . ."

in reviewing the history i since IfiO?. General Wilson
commented: " Of the existing projects for the United States... •
many ha^e from time to time been revised to keep pace with the
changes in ordnance and in ships ' armament an'1 construction. Nearly
15 yeari have elapsed since the adopted scheme of coast j^& '"e'ense
was formulated by the Sndieott lioard. At that tir.se the rapid-fire
gun was in its infancy and ships were characterized by their
\ extremely heavy ^rmnment and great thickness of armor, *«/ith the rapid

\ development of the rapid-fire gun and the increase in the resisting

powers of "armor by nsr.ns of the Herwey and Krupp processes, there h:-s
followed a material chan*e in ship construction, necessitating
corresponding changes in the details of coast defenses* Jh accordance
with the recoMmc-ndc't.j.otis of th^ llndicott I3oardj the earlier detciiec*.
projects ccnteiiplaied mounting a considerable number of the
heaviest guns CjLli and l£r guns; at the more important harbors in
armored works, The tendency toward a reduction ir calibers of
heavy guns, coupled with the adoption of a successful disappearing

carriage for the 12-inch gun, has rendered arnored defenses

unnecessary up to the present time, and the '-rnitcd States has thus far

37.«ARCE for Fiscal Year 1900^.7. Congress had appropriated a total
$ 22,1U2,212 to June 30,1900 for the construction of gun and
mortar emplacmentc,

P 23

22*

" not emarked unon the construction of armored casemates and turrets,
to which many iiuropoan governments stand committed for their land

defenses. Although^$S(^apicl-fire guns were proposed in the earlier

projects, no rlefXinite numbers or calibers were assigned until 1!'?6,

since which time nnvjrly all of the earlier projocts h: r;; Leon su!joctec:

to one or more revisions, resulting in the incorporation of .-. definite

programme as to the rapid-fire^ armament, a reduction in the r^riber

^6^ and caliber of the heavy guns, a reduction in the number of mortar:.,

and the general elimination of armored defenses* Th.es e revisions

have resulted in marked economies without any sacrifice to the

defensive requir6ments , and they will he continued as changes in

ordnance anr! ships or ether causes nay render desirable. ...

"Existing approved projects," General Wilson concluded," for

se? coast defenses contemplate the mounting of rbont U80 heavy guns of

8, 10, 12, and 16 inch caliber, of about &y,M»"',ii(i QpO rapid-fire

guns from 6~pcunder(2j.2li inch; to 6-inch caliber, and of about 900

work
mortars, at an approximate total cost for the engineeringT^excluding

A — 38

the cost of the guns and carriages"; now estimated at $ ?0, 000,0.):")."

Ten years later, S^ June 30,1910, Congress had appropriated
a grand total of $ 28,998 J^B. 02 for the ./Const ruction of. gun una mortar
b«i*jL''Ji-.au and Chief of Engineers VI. H. ^ixcy estimated that ?n
additional sum of $ 10,;)31,336( not including electrical j^fcetf light or

power or land for sites) would be reouirec to complete the approved
number of emplacments • By 1910 permanently mounted in permanent

A

emplacments were 300 heavy guns, 376 mortars, and U79 rapid-fire guns,
38. AP.CE for Fi5cal Yeur I900,p. 7.

2U

r » ^5ra grand total of l,l£p gunal.at 31 party ±11 tha£ciitinental
39 /V

TJhited Stater, Yet to be built \tcre er.placnents for >? heavy
/uns» 8fl 1? -inch nortars, and h$ rapid-fire gunn, or a grand total
of 192 'additional enpla cedents • 3nc last l:-.rge appropriation
for construction had been made on Vciy 27,1908 end by Juried 30,1910

construction on all funded enplacaBC&ts in the continental 7nited
States, f>0 unarmed emplacements, ha J been completed* smn\ fjKjC
building of gun and mortar batteries in the continental United States

was not %#*resuKS(A«ntil Vforld war I had Tyr.t

R Coast Artmerv, 1901-1950 n

u IV^jTJjiyi-h i — J" .U~' SaJwaa ■" ir (aCreor^aniaation of the Amy in

1901 created 30 batteries of field ^tillery ar-- 126 companies of fcoact

/^tillery. Dach of the Coast Artillery companies was roughly of a

size appropriate to the canning of cither a ma^or caliber j^un or

mortar battery, two or more rapid fire batteries, or a mine battery.

3h 1907 the number of seacoast units vras increased to 170, and the

two artillery components were formally established as distinct branches

of the Army. These were to remain separate throughout both world wars

and until IP^O- when the Field Artillery and the Coast Artillrrv

Corps, by that tine composed exclusively- of antiaircr--ift units, ;;ere

'\ ko

reunited into a single Artillery branch*

£| 39 ATCS for Fiscal *ear 1910, 13

UO. Enanuel P.. Lewis, Seacoast Fortifications of the Jnited Statcs,p 9£,
Als o 31 Stat. 7U8(Eebruary 2,1901); 3h Stat. bo-l( January 25,1907) •

2$

26

<?• Construction of liange and Position Finding Stat Jons
at the Gun and I'ftrtar batteries, It'PK-l^lO

The Un/Tioott period batteries were cornolex structure end din
1899 the Chief of Ungincers noted: ''^y order of the Secretary of

V/ar, the duty of constructing instrument stations for range and

position finders and the underground conduitg for the. cornnuricatior.s

in tne adopted syster.: of fire control has Leen inposed upon th«

Engineer department. The deficiency act of Ju3y 7>lC9C, appropri: **-

$ l£ 0,000 for installing range and position finders, and this sum

was practically eschaurted in nrovidir.g instrument stations for

depression position finders on high sites, and in the cons truct ion

of one e xperizner.tal tower on a low site t;nd an experimental sister.:

of underground conduits at one artillery post."

"' Much difficulty, (ier.eral John Wilson continued,'1 has been

4

eroerienoe, 1*1 ascertaining the views of the artillery am of the
• h

services respecting the desired features of the proposed fire control
system. The question of the type of range finder best adrptsd for
use on low sites does not yet appear to be definitely settled. The
use of towers for depression inotruXr/--its on low sites presents in
many cases structural difficulties al-iost insurmountable^ as vrell
as grave tactical ejections, •fader^fcground conduits also can not
be provided in every locality, owing to the nature of the ground and
the elevation of its surfac^f. An apjr o;:ir;ate estimate of the
cost of the engineering work connected with the installation of .
the fire-control system proposed by artillery officers for seacoapt
forts is well over $ 1,000,000. It has been the policy of the
Department to limit expenditures for the range-finding system to those

features which have been well established and concerning which there

26

- 27

"arc no objections, leaving other natterYs until the artillery shall have
fornalated-idSJ definitely and conclusively its views and wishes, A
considerable number of range-finding stations for high r.ites still
remains to be constructed. ?cr these and for underground conduite. where

:irabT^|

hi
such are feasible and<I desirably j an estimate of $ 1^0,000 is subnitted."

In June 1901? the ^hiof of Engineers reported. : " The act of *'fey
<attr£s*J%Jr\«*ik ij ity-V** jwuuj fti fan* ng^*

25,1900, apirooriated $ l^O.OOCL for this puaroeseOihe installation of

25 additional range-finder stations, ••••• With ¥%Si£ stations previ cv.sly,
a there will be about 55 main stations available fcr use out of a total
projected number of 1?£ required for batteries sonpleted and building.

ifeny details of the fire-contrcl system do not yet appeal" to have been
definitely settled, especially the cuostion as to the use of #? depression
position finqprs upon artifical elevations on low rites, as contemplated
by the present approved plans cf fire control, and to which considerable
objection has been made, an objection which is 8£ shared by the

Engineer department..."

l«od

•# years later, June 1902, Chief of liiginesrs George !••

Gillespie reported: " During the year satisfactory progress has

been made in systematizing the whole mateier of fire control. The

utmost harmony has existed between the Chief of Engineers, the Chief

of Ordnance, the Chief Signal Officer, and the Chief of Artillery, all

of whose departments are involved in the work. The 1'epartment has taken

the position that as the fire control is a purely (f tactic? 1 problem,
III. ARCE for fi; cal year 1899, p. 13.

U2. ARCE for Fiscal Year 1900 ,r>. 10-11.

-27

28

"the space required in the observe tion rooms, the height and
degree of protection against projectiles, and the relative order
in which the various forts and batteries should bo equipped are
subjects for the Artillery ^orps to determine; that the province
of the Engineer "epartrcerit is to construct the shelters, towers,
electr-.c ducts, etc.; and that the Signal Corps is tc install the
telephones, telautographs, and other means of electrical ccrrtuni cation,
the power and lighting current used in connection with the
telautographs being supplied fron the engineer plants installed in
the battcriesY. The ^hief of Ordnance, by lav:, applies the range-
finding instruments ther.s elves. Where the stations are located on
naturally high ground there has been no delay in the completion of
the engineer work, but where high steel towers are called for, the
condition of the steel market -has been such as to prevent rapid
work* In most cases the towers have to be erected at inaccessible
localities, and the total cost of e ach ia so small that large firms
will not bid for their construction, while smaller firrx can not secure
the rolled steel shapes from the mills without long delays.

"At the present time 9 fire comrtanclers ' and Ji5 battery corimandr-r:-: '
stations have been completed ana turned over to the (artillerv) trocpu
for use and j 12 fire commanders^ • and $Q batterv co-rr.-^anuers ! stations
are under construction." These 96 fire control syr.tems had been
funded with a total of $ lr50,000 that had been appropriated from
July 7,16?8 to Harch 1,1901.
U3.ARCE for fiscal year 1902 ,p. 11-1?. $W A*PtJ*Ji\ JT P V *~

28

29

By June 30,1903 11 f ire- commanders ' and 5£ battery commanders '

stations had teen completed and turned oyer to the troops for use

and care; ?.n additional 22 fire commanders ' and %$ J5&- >.--ttory

conmanders ' station were under construction, raking a grand total

1U3 such stations of the. projected total of 175. under construction

lih A

or completed. In June l90li the Chief of Engineers reported^

"The horizontal-base syrtem of position finding has recently br.cn
adopted by the Artillery, and Beards consisting of two traveling
artillery members asso^Ofeated with the local artillery commanders
district engineer officers at each fortified harbor on the Atlantic
and Gulf *&&& coasts have prepared the necessary schemes of base-
end stations* V/hen finally approved by the whief of Artillery, the
installations of the stations, instruments and cables will be
conjointly prosecuted by the ^hief of Lir.gineere, the '-'hief Signal
Officer, and the Chief of finance.

"Based en the plans of these Boards, it is estimated that the
engineer work of installing fire-control stations and supplying the
necessary,7, electric light and power plants to operate them in batteries,

which are now complete in all other respects, will require ?n appropric.tic

US
of $ £00,000."

In torch 1?0$ Congress appropriated & 1,000,000 for fire

control at the seaccast fortifications and give the Secretary of

War the author ity to dis tribute this money anong the linginoer

and Prgl'i^e*; Tepartments and the Signal Corps at his discretion.

hk. A-.CE for Tiscal W 19C>3,P. 1?. $& H^^^U/^^ fi. 70.

US* AFCE for Fiscal Year l90U,p. 8 . During the 1902-1903 an extensive
experimental system of position finding using long horizontal bases had
been tested at Pensacola

29

30

The Secretary assigned $ 590,000 of this appropriation to the
Engineer department to begin the task of installing pe rmaneafc f ir^-
controlM jyctrms at six jftSff selected harbors. The Chief of Liigtr.fcers
then remarked: "Tentative fire-control schemes for existing batteries
have been adopted by the chief of Artillery for aXuost all of the
harbors now defended and corresponding detailed plan.-; Cvverin;j the .
engineer part of the work have been prepared. A few of these schemes
have received the approval of the ^ecrrvtary of -War* The estimates
for the work yet required of the Engineer department to put into
execution these schemes of the Artillery'' and Signal Corns, as they
now stand, aggregate $ 'i.,2£3,36LJ.!7. While the general nrincipl-s
of trie fire-control system have b?en satisfactorily determined and
adopted, the actual details on which costs largely depend ere still*
in a condition of experimental development by the Artillery, and it i:-.
anticipated that the cost of actual construction will probably largely

is complete*"

U7
Work began at New York, I'.oston, and Portland,. Line, i^ing

the 1907 fiscal yoar the Secretary of War allots «t*» a-tional
$ 6$0JO6.lB to the Engineer Corps to carry on their part of ^e , f
task. During the 1?09 fiscal ycax$ the Zngiroers recftive w=S5=s^

allotment* ^ $ ^Sgj^9 *° carry 0R the *nro^rr,u
U8. AT.CE for Fiscal Year 1907,?. S.
L9. AT.CS for Fiscal Year l?09,p. 13. AT-GE for Fiscal leg lglPjP.lS.

U6. ARCE^for Fiscal Year 19Q5jP. 9.
hi. AP.CE for Fiscal Year l906,p. 7.

30

;o

31

The grand total of Congressional appropriations j'or the
construction and installation of range and vosition finding
stations at the gun and mortar bptteries in the continental
United States from July 7, 18$>c' to June 30,1?1? vras
& U,7UO,8ll.OG. Work vras still in nrogress on this program ir. Ifl?.

D. Searchlights and Hectrical Plants, IPO Vl"l? :

";• Jure 1?C3 the Chit.-? of 2ngin*ers reported:

H

The construction of the national seaocast defenses has now reached

a point where nost of the heavy guns are in position, a considerable
portion of the light rapid-fire emplacements and some of the rapid-
fire guns ars completed, and it is becoming importrr.t to inaugurate
the systematic ^installation of searchlrigh apparatus *or night d-sf fines:
Experience in llev Xcrk I-Iartor and elswhere has shewn that econo-y
in installation and the keeping of the electric plants in good ordsr
in time of peace are promoted by habitually us in;.: the fortificationir
p?A*ts for pest iHuninatior. also. Efficiency and ccciicr^r dercand
that the mains and conduits for both defensive and pcf.t lightir g
should be planned and supplied It the same department* ~*or this
reason, and x-ith the concurrence of the Quartermaster-General, an
estimated for the post giains cind conduits in included, in the
estimate of the uhief of Lngineers^J The Quartermaster's department
will submit estimates for the wiring inside of the post buildir;r,

for house fixtures and lamps, and for the outdoor lamps. As the
$0. See Appendix I. fi <f$T X f&S&ful

31
31

32

"proper coordination of the operation of two separate ricpai thorite, as
well as the corfort of the troops, is involve in the systematic
installation of these plants, and as the security of the several
harbors against night attack depends on proqpt and et'f ectivo work,
the appropriation of the total sik estimated, $ ^ 00, 300 for installation
of searchlights and $ 500,000 for the installation of post mains ..rid
ccr.duits, is urgearrtly recci3iaende:3€ Those suns will, it iti ■* stilted,
fully equip four more of the most iriport^nt harbors with complete
searchlight systems, and. will connect these searchlights plants ai;d. a

number of already existing fortification electric plants with the

electric lamp? in the barracks and cuarters already furnished by

51
the Quartermaster »s department."

Froy June 6,1902 to 1,Jarch 3,1°05, Congress a;:nropriated an

$ ^650,000 for this program. ' 3h June 1?C5 the Chief of Engineers

reported: ,! #-»*>- number of 36-inch portable searchlight outfits are

under construction for distribution to as nany forts as the funds
_ Will P&-1i*i

(ff 200,00£)^ Successive joint maneuvers of the Arny and Navy

£_ Against the Dofenso? of T.fashington,r.C- Fcrt ^ahir.g+ovirrd
Fort "unt, during the sunnier of 1905} have ewphaslaed the need

at all defended harbors of an adequate supplft of powerful searchlights.

The Ghief of Engineers and the Chief of Artillery arc entirely in

accord in the view that systematic installation of such apparatus

52
for night defense should continue."

£*■• AP.CE for Tiscal Year lf>01,p. 13. The act of March 1,1?31 appropriated
$ 150,000 for the purchase and installation of searchlights for the
defenses of New York Harbor

52. AECE for Fiscal Year 1905>P« 10.

32

33

In June Chief r.n<;inecr, ^rig-idier General ABnt/ dcor-r- I..
Gillespie, remarked: " With the appropriation of 0 12£,000 ccrtainod
in the fortification act approved June 2£,10O6, it iu proposed to
procure by contract a number of 60-infsh searchlight outfits for
distribution to as many forts as the funds will porr&tflStf. The cpacifvxvtjc:
Tfif for these outfits are now in course of preparation.*...

" The National Coast Pefense Board Q>r the ?aft EoU&)j con: tit".t-3:',
by Executive order of Jarsasry 33.jl903', estimated the cert of sv.ff iciont

searchlights for the coast of the United States as $ 2,907,700, without

„ S3

any prevision for reserves..."

The National Coast Eofense Board also estimated that $ 5,?l£,0?l
would be require! to &5Sf£ furnish the necessary electrical equipment for
the defenses of the Jnited States in addition to the reouired for
searchlights, or a great total of $ 8>20<,731 for the two programs.

The fortification act cf Ifey 27,1?08 i\' ajgfcfc* prodded $ 3U8,eG8 for
electrical installations, in addition to the searchlight program*
The Chief of Engineers also reported in June l°08j" a number of generatin:;
sets have been contracted for and deliveries have commerced. I-irrt

A

projectors of a nevr type tievelopedTStjfiSSS^ abroad and two of p new type

of domestic manufacture have- been purchased and issued to the trccps
for the test of actual use, and q£ two others, also of domestic mnke, have
been obtained from the Navy department for remodeling. All these
projector are being subjected to trials under actual service conditions, in
comparison with the lights heretofore purchased, with an idea to developing
$3* AP.CS for Fiscal Year I906,p. 8.
5U. ARCE for Fiscal Year 1907, 8-9.

33

3U

" the very best forms of searohlijjht for the use of the troops..,"

In June 1910 the Chief of Engineers reported: "After much experimental

work and the practical tost of use under regular service conditions,

a satisfactory type °f searchlight has been developed au»2 a number, with

56
. generating sets therfor, have been delievered during the fiscal year."

The total of money pppropriated for the Aearchli^ht program fror-i.

Ifcrch 1,1901 to June 30,1512 was t 1,680,000 and that for Electric;!

57

Installations, ifey 2?,1?06 to June 30,1912, $ !-?&, 866.^

E. -bderniz ing the Older Endicott Batteries, l°0lt-l91?

In 190U Chief of Engineers George 1. Gillespie introduced ?.
new problem in the following manner :

"At the present time emplacements have been provided at most of wr

harbors for enough high-power armament of 8-inch, 10-ir.oh, on& l?-ir.ch
caliber to *ef ford an effective defense, nnd it is not contemplated to
construct/^ many more of these emplacements until .an adequate rapid-fire
armament to supplement the heavier gunjhas been installed, The construct:
of *#* high- power batteries was commenced in 18-90, nnd has been in
progress ever s:nce. All of these emplacements permit reasonably effect!'
service of their guns, but when the earlier batteries were built there
was very little known as to the speed at which modern high-power ;^u:a

could be safely fired, and less as to the actual artillery m< thods of

handling them. V/ith experience improved methods of construction were

developed, and target practice with smokeless powder, invented after many
55. ARCS for Fiscal Year I908,p.l3.

56. AP.CE for Fiscal Year lplO, p. 15.

57. See Appendix I; P- ijT,

3U

"of the batteries were completed, h£s shown the desirability of
certain additions and modifications,- *z rapidly as the needs -.-rem
recognizee1 they were met by changes which wers incorporated in the

plans for all sub^e^uont/^SSSiBMfiHOf emplacements* The latest batteries
leave little to be desired; the buUc of the emplacements require only
moderate additions to bring then up to full efficiency; a few of the
very earliest require extensive changes and additions. The prfr.cipal
improvements proposed consist in widening the loading pi ritf arias to
avoid accidents to the gunners aiid confusion in ammunition service,
as well as to furnish additional storage rooms for projectiles where
they are less exposed to condensation and dampness; in providing
latrines in the vicinity of the emplacements; in providing adequate
water supply at each emplacement, and in providing additional means
of lighting gun platforms, carriages, and sights for night practice*
For these improvements , divider' among ^^ 1*29? emplaceioents, an

estimate of $ 9U?,500 iz submitted. The average cost per emplacement
is seen to he only about $ 72 sV1

The fortification Act of Mar :h 3,l?0p rv.de the first appropriation, —
$ li5>0,000, for this new program. The uhief of Engineer in 1905
further elaborated onTthe moderizing program as f ollo,'s : " It is
believed to be wise, as a rule, to restrict changes to such as are
evidently and decidely necessary for proper service — that is, to let
well enough alone. Where a battery is capable of doing effective
service it should be utilized in its existing condition to as great
$8. AP.CE for Fiscal Year 190U.P. 6. ,

35

36

"an extant as practicable; where changed conditions have made e

battery obsolete it should be abar.concd. It hardly ever pays to

remodel an emplacement to receive a more powerful jun than th?t

for which itlxi: ori^jjinlSy built, for such changes in batteries

cost as nuch as, if not nore than, the construction of entirely new

For these reasons the
works for such new guns. Yi^r***^ ' * {tit£ ■ k ' 1 ' i '.'. (> : "reposed remodeling

is linited- in character and amount^ ?f&*& ' '4 ' I ■' J''Sf J. ^.'/S.y+'MJ

->-w /-/■■• >■■•• ffwvw ?>■ * / - v- •• j • • • •

/*' Qjg Tex-**} ~n^ y

% June a^l°07jgHgJL^ief g£ gngneegg/ j.uU;..' that a total of
$700,000 had been appropriated by Congres since 4iarch 3,1905.ft**V
then reported :" In the annual cstinataS submitted to the ^ecretciry of
War for transmission to Congress-, authority has also been asko<^ to
apply the sun of $ 165,261,36, formerly appropriated Cj *T 25,l?CO)
for the construction of pneumatic dynamite batteries ( now remaining
unspent, c!ue to the abandonment of that form of ordnance), to the 0.
intiatior. of nrXjhar.icnl powder service, the need for which has
developed since the estimate of $ S'U?,500 was prepared,

,hc act of tfcy ?7,lfo0, authority was panted to apply
the sum_of $ 165, 261.16 to the initiation of mechanical powder service.

as**-??-*"* ai„

The Chief of Engineers reported: " The experimental development of
apparatus for this purpose has been practically completed, and

59. ATISE for Fiscal Year 1905,?. 9
c?uw» ft f&e vn t.T,c

60, ARSE for Fiscal Ycarl907,p. 8. These^jbat^.ries were located at

^an Francisco Harbor, **^-^»andy Hook, H.J., Fisher Island, U.Y,f&*P'C('* **-
one was proposed at Port Royal.S.C., but never started.

36

*

37

" arrangements for the manufacture and installation of theLl^W«i^/ S<vu^

machines are now in process,

"A considerable amount of work ■£&£&&!& remains to be done to

place the batteries in a thoroughly satisfactory condition for

efficient operation, including powder hoists in £un emplacments,

widening loading platforms, electric wiring of emplacements, to

place fire-contrcl-coi'Tiuniction instruments on the yunX carriages,

and platform lighting. "eta/JLed estimates have Veen prepared for

the work of the above JElS classes required at all emplacements in the

61
the United States j the aggregate of the estimates is $ 1,066,100."

The final appropriation prior to J«ne 30,1912- of $ 100,000v«%-

A J

IlM'Dh- Sy^aap, was "applied in continuing the installation of mechinic-1

devices to facilitate the supply of ammursion from the magazines to

the loading-platform level, such mechanical devices being considered

absolutely ngcer.aiy by the artillery to permit the utilisation of

the full possibilities of the rapid rate of firs possessed by

62
modern ordnance^

The total of monov allottee' for the modern:".? ing of older

63
emplacements from mrch 3,1905 to June 30,191? was $ 965,261.36.

To complete the program, the Shief of Engineers estimated in 191(9

that an additional $ ?66,1C0 $!&/ would be required.

6l» AT.CE for Fiscal Year I906,p. 12.
62. ARGE for Fiscal Year 1909, p. 13.

63. See Appendix I. P> H f§

6U. aee AP.CC for Fiscal Year, 1910 ,p. lh-15.

37

37a
£ The Taf t F oar d y K o S" 0 lc j

On January 31»1?0^, President Theo#dore Roosevelt organized u

board, trith Secretary of War William Howard T.ift as procv.'er-tj

to renew the seacoast defense projects fnr the -'pi-ted. States

and for the insular possessions, to indicate the* localities where

9 A

jSEm- defenses were most urgently needed, and to determine the
character and general extent of the defenses, with their
estimated cost. This I oard then known as the National • Coast
Defense Board and now referred to as the Taft Board, submitted
its final report February 1,1906, ,i . , * ^

0tf June 30,1936'. the approved list of 31 harbors i

i the

/Lcntinental United States had been reduced from 31 to 26,

Permanent seacoast defenses had been installed and retained at

the following localities in -the United States*.

Hi. Charleston, 5.0.

1. Kennebec River,-'iaine,
2. Portland, i-fe.
3. Portsmouth,!!. II.
km roston,i£iss.
£, New Bedford, I-fe.es,

6. Narragansett Bay, R.I.

7, Eastern entrance to Long
Island Sound,

8. H.I, City, N.Y.

9, Delaware River (Philadephia) .

10. Baltimore, Md.

11. Washington, D.C,

12. Hanpton Roads, Va,
13. Cape Fear River (Wilmington) ,H.C.

27 a

l£. Port Royal, S.C.
16 • Savannah, 'jz •
17. Key v/er.t,!'la.
j-i. • _a/»pci. -'«.<..;. , » — a.

19. Pensacola, I'l*.

20. Mobile, Ala,

21. New Orleans, la,

22. Galveston, Te::,

23. San Diego, Cal.
2lu San Francisco, Cal,

Or*

2$. Columbia Liver, Oregon $ Wash,
26, Puget Sounrf, Wash,

37b.

The Taft Board also recoamended that additional defences
should be constructed at sorae of these points and *&&> at
a 27th site, the entrance fio Chesapeake Lay at ^.ipe ifenry,T/a.,
as soon as funds are provided by Confess.

e„ „ . ,. 3/ „ .... <r

Gon frori the approved list of^oeacoast fortifications. ?:£>4*Stir'
** ** V$ri°01, ^e*j(lf Penobscot River, Maine, 2. St, Johns River ,i'lc,
3, Sabine Pass, Tex., and )». Lake Chanpl?in, II.Y.-Vt.

On reconnendation of the the Taft Board, seacost f^f W. defenses

were begun at five ports in cur " insular possessions'' during the

period 1?0U-1912- na&eHy at GuantananoBay, Cuba, Honolulu and

Pearl liarbcr, Hawaii, and .fe.nila and Subic Bar in the Philippine

66
Islands. Proa April 21,1901; to June 30,1912, Congress appropriated

a grand 1&ggS& total of $ 10, 771,30b. 00 to construct these

fortifications. ^ Wd& S3aovin'k $ 2,U23,000 was for all three

possession, $ 2,186,519 earmarked for the Hawaiian Islands and

$ $ 6,161,785 for defenses in the Philippine Island*.

65. ARCS for Fiscal Year 1?QQ. plO.

66. ARCK for Piscal Year 1908 .p. 16.

67. Appendijc VHI,p.

37 fi

BIBLOCRAFHY

38

HtltfvRI SOURCES

Published Documents

1. Annual Rer^rt nr_VjT r-ZTr »f Snr'ncrr", 'Vi.Arry_, ->:r f-e.

27i^y.

2. Annual ftenort of the f.hiftf of ?togi2i&*v*9. TI»3. Arm^', j?or +,lis

Serial 2632
3# Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Arr<0fy> for the Fiscal
Year ending June 30,l89l( Washington Jj.C.,1691 (Serial go. 2922)
U» Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army, for the Fiscal
Year ending June 30,1892 (Washington, B.C. 1892) (Serial No. 3078).

£• Annual Report of the Chieyof Engineers, U,S. Army^ for the 4 Fiscal
Year ending June 30,08^ 1693 (Washington, D.C.)(^erial No. 3199) •
6. Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Arrry^ for the Fiscal
Year ending June 30* 169U (Washington, D .C • ) ("erial No. 3296).

7. Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army, for the Fiscal

Year ending June 30,l89£ (Washington. D.C.)(Serial No. 3371 )•

T" SeerRtarv Qfjkr. sn&JLto£ nf Orcrtegzcj

8. Annual Report of the gagg — r^fTZ ^amy^ u.s. Array, ror tne nscal

^ _ , _.

Year ending June 30,l695(Washington,D.C.1895)(5erial No. 3302). .

9» Annual ^eport of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Arn#y, for the Fiscal
Year ending June 30,18906 (Was hington,D.C .1696) (Serial No. 3U79).

10. Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army, for the Fiscal
Year ending June 30,1897 (Washington,D.C, 1897 )(Serial No. 3631) .Appendix
3 I, pp.6^0-656.

11. Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Amy, for the Fiscal

Year ending June 30,1898 (Washington,D.C.1898) (Serial No. 37ii6).

Appendix No. UH1, pp. 667-678«

■

38 -1-

39

2

12. Annual ^eport of the Chief of gSsSfe- Engineers, U.S.Ariry, for
the Fiscal I ear Uncling June 30»lti99(V'ashington, L>.C.,lb99),

Appendix UH, b22-t>3U. (Serial No. 3905).

13. Annual Report of the ^hiefcf Engineers, ILS. Armory, for the
FIScal Year Ending June ^OjISPPC-ashingtcnjD.C.^OQj^erial No.

U0b"9 JAppendix/^- 3 1, B ? 6-lbb".

lit. Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers ^ U.S. Arryjfor the Fiscal
Year ending June 30,1901 Washington D.C.19Q1) Cerial No. 1+279)
Appendix 31, #.791-«01.

15. Annual Report of the ffhief of Engineers, U.S. Amy, for the Fiscal
Year Ending J^ne 30,1902 Washington, D.C .1902 ) (aerial No. hhhu)a~

Appendix/Fj^TfTni'jW 2 I, p . 70l*-710

16. Ann ial Report of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Arry, for the Fiscal
YEar Ending June 30,1903 (V/ashington,B.C. ,1903) (Serial NO. 4636).

17* Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers? U.S.Arny, for the Fiscal .
Year Ending June 30A90U (Washington,!). C.» 1904) (Serial No. U7b5).

18. Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Arry for the Fiscal
Year Ending June 30,1905(Washington.E.C.,1905 H aerial No. U9U6).

19. Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Ar;:y, for the
Fiscal Year Endirc June 30, 1906(V/ashington,E.C. l(/JcJ(Seri^i VZ-y \'\"

Coast Defenses of the United Statgs r.nd the ^sul^r Possessions.
20,(Taft loard Report,) j^,, co. FeSru^y //',1;\V3, Senate Iiociuaent 'dU6,
59th Corgress, 1st Session. ( Serial T,To. U913 )

21. Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. A^.y, for the ,
Fiscal ?car Ending June 30,i??7(""ashington,£.U., 1907) (Serial No. $263

22. Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Arry, for the Fiscal
Year ending June 30,l?0^(V-f-';snin^ton,I>.C. i?0o ) (Serial 5U3D

23 • Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Arry, for the Fiscal
Year Ending Jung 30,1V',>?( Washington^. C, lyJ9 J (Serial 5726),

2lu Annual Report of the Cpjp-r of E^jicocge ,'Tr^i-Avry ggr ths F-iacaJ
Year Erring June 30,lo10(Washingt.on,D.C.>1910)(Serxai< <QrA ' ).

25> Report of the Board on Fortifications or okw Defenses Anoointpd

39

UO^

26. Index to Awnvil For.ortn. Chief of Lnriruors, U.2. Ar^/, V'V>- Jwr 30,,
1^( ? Vols., vKshxr^cn,^. ^ly^^^WTSCri ^ bole), vol.
I^f"l809-lClS.

Sea-Coast Defense Gun?

>7. I2th Report of the Board of C^dnancc and ratifications, Hnusae: Docursf-at

2, 5?th Confess, 2 no o^.^erial^OuTr";. C^hir-jtrt:,;-. #c . j

3o Pruff , lawrenr.** L«, A T;::t I:c>ok cf Ordinance an j 21E22PJ5- ^-"er>: r--d fgg '^

c^ Cadets of the U.:: . imitaty A cad"ary (!'&-; York,lr°6).

««_ v +u0 t <*><?• A Short Illustrated History
29. Manucy, Albert, Art-iUsrr Through the APes : A

ofCannon, Emphasizing Ve. Used in Africa . (National Park
ice Interpretative Se&*s History Nc ^WoMnct^M^

Service

Submarine 'Snss: or Tornodoes

*0.

Bunker, Paul ^ , "The -fine Defense cf ferbora : Its liistosy, Fr;.r..-siples,
P-elation to the Other «lenents of Defense, and Tactical Dnploynent" ,
Journal of the United States ArtSHorr. Vol. 1;!, To. ? (i%roh-*A.rr'']
1911;), pp. 129-170. ""

CZN31AI( BiX):S);
-, Lewis, Emanual RayrK)nd,/$i|<wwpp>i->aeacoast Fortification s of the United

Sfeates t An Introductory- History (Smithsonian Institution Press,
Washington, I). C, 19 70).

h

Uo

*>

1*1

AP^IDEC I

APff.oir.i^TiaE F(i:M^Vj!iji'i,i.xfJJlU-M!.'^fs^c;t¥.sT
rcRTPTc;.?ic!s i! i tiil ::j;:ti;lftal u;rr:j;, .c-:t;.tls

AT 31 I-iAP.l:lP.S UIP.ING TiSJ LlfJUOTT 5Lf:IOi>
SSFTK-jDiTc 22, 18H8 to JU!IL 30»1?12

Fron Index to Rerort^o.f the Chief of iinninscrsj U.S. Arry
1866-1912. (V.cshincton D.C. 1915) (Serial No. 6617),^gFlTo9 •

3B2K and "»*

Annual Reports of the Chief of Bn(;ir.eerp5 U.S. Arry, 1666-

3PI2; ^

ia

h2

SUMMARY STATE.fa3?T CF APSUJIKIATTaE ICP SEACOAST

DEFi:)gr^t F:r, 31 ports u; t;;l mi? coital u'.Ta'e:; status

LTlRfllG THE ^DICOTT Pir.ICD3 Septeribur ?2,VM;U to Juno 30,

Appropriations for- Amount

1. Construction of Gun and

ffcrtar Batteries $ 2?,OO8,66Iw0o,

additional
(^stinated^iiiount,JiuiQ 30,1°12,
required to complete construction «.«•* «
of all proposed batteries : $ 10,^31,336 .00 )

2. Modernizing Cider Endieott Batteries $ 965,261,36.

3»?.ange and Position Finder Stations

for the Batteries $ U,7LiQ, 811.00

h . Electrical Plants at ba tteries # 2 , 213 , 668 .00

Plant, Electric Power $ 2^,000.00

Plant, Electrical

Installation i-96,888.00

Plant, S ear chlights and

Electrical Connections., ,v 1*680,000.00

Plant, Reserve lights..... 13,000.00

$ 2,213,Mc.OO.

f>. Supplies for Sea Coast Defenses ( ?cc?>£;
BBtcr5.al.Sfer operating elr-otr^c porer arid
light plants at the batteries! $ U7U,?O0.00

6# Construction of Seawalls and Enibanknents.... $ 883,a5>0.00

7. Preparing Plane for Fort jJi cations r <<, 000.00

8. Purchase of lands for sites at Sea Coast

Defenses $ t,lfo£,SUB.CO •

9. Batteries, Pnev^tic $ 031,738.6© *

10. Preservation and F.epair of Fortifications.

(Routine .maintenance of completed batteries ).. $ U,Op8,COO.0C

11. Contingencies for Fortifications $ 78,0H?.2i;

12. Equipment of Coast Artillery, armories,

Organized Militia, lpll # 33(1,170.00

Subtotal for Gun and I4brtar Emplacements : * Ji7 ) 76 J 81 n)

* The ammount of money actually expended in fortifying the pneumatic
dynamite batteries, the balance of the original appropriation of $ 330,000
was used to moderniz«^-the old^SS^Endicott batteries.

-1*2 -

*

2

sir mary s?atk;h:?it or a ppp pit.. if.Tio?E rcr. si&scy.sT .

DSFai-KKS, l{jiii)-Jur.p. 30,1912l*C",;tin'u-d) T

Carried Forward:

I» Subtotal for Gun and 'tartar Enple.ccnents
or Batteries, 1688-1912 *. $ U?^76,l- Ol.Oh

TZm Appropriations for 5ubre.rin« Mines or
Torpedo defenses ir. the Continental ifaitud States: § 5,196,S'157«3£

1* For subraariiie nines, apparatus,

and materials $ 2,628,9.57.36.

2. For construction of torpedo

structures .$ 2 ,U53 , 000. 00 .

3« For preservation and repair of j_
completed torpedo structures... . jp 115,030*00

Subtotal, lfJfO-1912 $ 5,19o,?57.36

GRAEB TOTAL FIT. SEA OCAST D3BEIE23,lBA8-1912 : * c*p 573 ].fJR 7?
Jh The Continental United States, "^ ' f;s>^,'

U3

During the period April 21,190h to Jv.M 30,1912, Congress appropriated
an additional $ 10,7*71, 3-0li ,03 for construction the Taft Board '4BL Boaooaet
Defenses in our" Insular Possessions') the Kawe-iian and Philippine Islands.
Of the total, $ 2,lC6,319 was for the Hawaiian Islands, % 6,161,785 for
the Philippine Islands, and $ 2«li23,000 for ^encral(both possessions).

-2 - 13

Appropriations for the construction of Gun and Mortar
Batteries at 31 l-'orts in the Oontinental Unite;'. jJbaterT,
June- 30, i'-^ to June 10,1' -12 .

Under Act of Total

1. An mist 18,1090 $ V9-\$ 000.00

2 . February 23 ,1*91 700,000 . 00

3. July 23, 1892 £00,000.00

h . February 18, 1893 50,000.00 ^

£. Auynist ljf;9li £00,0)0.00

6. torch 2,189£ £00,000.00

7. June 6,169&. 2,1-00,000.00

8. :*irch 3,1697 3,81*1*333.00

9. Appropriation for "ifetional

Defense, Act of i'ferch % .-- —

1898- Spanish American Iter 3,827,8U2.80 ^ _3, 817,676. 02j

10. ifcy 7,1698 . 3,000,000.00

21. July 7,10?8 2, £62, 000.00

12. Ifcrch 3,1899 1,000,000.00 •

Subtotal: " ~ """' S $ 20,l£2,l?£.80 Znr&P^fi9^*'1

13. Map 25*1900 2,000,000.00

lit . March 1, 1901 l,6l£, 000.00

1£. June 6,1902 2,000,000.00

16. March 3,1903 2,236,1;2£.00

17. April 21,1901; 700,000.00

18. May 27,1908 300,000.00

19. ^rch 3,1909 £,06U.OO

20. To June 30.1912^ . 0

CRAM) TOTAL: ' $ 29,006,661;. 80

& $ 28,998,U98.02]

hh

Appropriations rnadg for the ibd<-;rniziiic of older jm and
ifortar 5 attories at 31 Ports in thg Oontinftntrl J.-dted states,

Act of -" *

1. .:ferch 3,190$ •$ h$0, 000. 00

2. June ?5,1?06... 150,000.00

3. ffarch J? ,1907. 100,000.00

-> f~t r*

L. fey 27,1908 16$, 261,36 (Iter application of funt

appropriated for pneumatic*
dynardt c ba tt cries ) •

5. March 3,1?09 100,000.00

Total to June 30,1912 : $ 965,261. 36.

Ran^e and Position Finders Appropriations, 1? 98 —June 30,1912
• 1. Act of July 7,1898 $ 150,000.00

2. *fay ?5,1899 150,000.00

3 . March 1, 19 01 150, 000 .00

U. J^^ne 2,1902 325,000.00

5. March 3,1903 223,500.00

5. April 2l,190li 225,000.00 $ 1,223 , 500.00

6. i&rch 3,1905 $ 1,000,000.00

7. June 25,1906 700,000.00

8. -feroh 2,1907 900,000.00

9. fey 27,1908.... 270,256.00

10. I-krch 3,1909 21*7,055.00

U. June 23,1910 200,000.00

12. iturch U,1911 100,000.00

13. June 6,1912 100,000.00

0rand '^°tal, $ tt,Tko,ax.oo °-

h$

Appropriationsr,arte for the Purchase of I~'-nd
to Proyi<1e Sites for Scn^.oart T'ef ?neeu :,
Scptcr.bor ?2,lr:iio to Juno JOjSS :

Act of
.1. August 18,1890 $ 500,000.00

2. February' 2U,18?1 5009300.00

3. July 23,1692 500,000.00

k . February 18 , 1?93 175,000 . 00

5 . August 1,11 '9h 150,000 .00

6. June 6,1896:.... 500,000.00

7. Hbrsh 3,1B97 300,000.00

8. J&y 7,1C9B 300,000.0:

9. H?-rch 3,1-99 300,000»0

Subtotal : $ 3,225>OX.OO

10 . ;kv 25,1900 200,000.00

11, I'fcroh 1,1901 .. 200,000.00

12. June 6,1902 200,000.00

13, I^rch 3,1906 200,000.00

1U. April 21,1907. 100,000.00

15. Hay ?7,1906 121,0h6.00

16. Ifcrch 3,1°09 250,000.^-0

Total to June 30,1912: $ U,l-95,9U8.00

2i6

v>

^/>

•

U6

hi

Appropriations for the Preservation and Repair of
Fortification? in the Continental United states
Septcnher lcilib to June 30, 1912 ♦

(Routine i4iintenar.ee of

1. September 22,1088 $ 100,000.00 KxistiJ!.^ Fortifications).

2 . Mar-ib 2 ,1889 100,000.00

3 • August lfl,i90 30,000.00

2u February' ?h,l891 80,000.00

5. July 23,18?? 60,000.00

6. Bebruary 18,1893.... Ii5,?00.00

7 . August l,l09ii Ii5, 000.00

8. i'krch 2,1895 1x5,000.00

9. June 6,1896 ?0,000.X

10. iferch 2,189? 100,000.00

" 11. i-ty 7,1898 100,000.00

12. .ferch 3,1899 100, 000. 00_ Subtotal: $ 905,000.00 ( 1886-1

13. fey 25,1990 100,000.00

3JU. 1,JGrch 1,5&T1901.... 100,000.00

15. February' lL,X902 3,000.X

16. June 6,1902 300,0.;0.00

17. M-u-ch 3, 1903 300,000.00

18. April 21,190^ 300,000.00

19. March 3, lQo5 300,000.00

20. June 25,1906 200,000.00

21. March 2, 1907 200,000.00

22. 'fay 27,1908 225,000.00

23. 4ircfe 3,1909 225,000.00

21*. June 23,1910 300,000.00

25* fferch li,1911 300,000.00

26. June 6,1912 300,000.00( Jl25.000.00 reappropriated from

— ■ . . -. balances of other funds.

T0TAIS. $Ji,058,000.00 ^

Appropriations for Elcr.trical Plants at batteries :

Plant- Electric li;;ht and power: •

Act of rfey 25, 1?00 $ 25,000.03 ^

Plant-Electrical Installation:

1. May 27, 1?0S.... $ 3U8,888.00

2. teirch 3, 19C°... 100,000.00

3. I^rch U,19H... 50,00^.00
Total to June 30,1912: $> Up8,8y8.00 ,.

Plant- Searchlj^ht anc! electrical connections at the batteries/ and

L arracks :

1. iferch 1, 1901 (New York Harbor)... $ 150,000.00

2. June 6,1902 1^0,000.00

3. *'ferjh 3,1903 150,000.00

U. April 21, 1901; 150,030.00

5. i'ferch 3,19-5 ^...^ 200,000.00

6. June 25,1906 125,030.00

7/ *%rch 2,1907 210,000.00

8. ftjy 27,1908 210,000.00

9. -fer^h 3,1909 ' 210,000.00

10. June 23,1910 50,030.00

11. iferch U,i9ii 5o,cno.oo

12. June 6,1912 ( reappropriated from

balances, of other funds).... 25,030.00

T0TAIS : $ 1,680,000.00

Plant- Reserve Lights :

~ Grand

1. Act of March 3,1909 $ 10,000.00. Total of Electrical Plants

1900-June 30,1912 :

$ 2,213,888.00.

U8

U9

Seawalls and embankments , Continental United. Sttt es,
- Septcnbcr" Ltl\b to Juno J\),1\,1Z~

*3

Sept. 22,1888 to June 30,1912: $ 883,U50.00. (Total]

V

Supplies for seacoast defenses ( tools and electrical and engine

supplies to maintain and oper-.te light
and power plants in the gun and mortar
batteries ) .

or

ACT CF

1. !fey 2^,1900 $ 25,000.00

2. tfarch 1,1901... 25,000.00

3. June 6,1902... 25,000.X
a. *ferch 3,1903... 35,000.00
5. April 21,1901; 35,000.00

6. March 3,1905 U0,000.00

7. June 25,1906 30,000.00

8. 4irch 2,1907 U0, 000.30

9. Hay 27,1908
10. *'krch 3,1909

11. June 23,1910

12. ifcrch u,1911

13. June 6,1912

For yortification,plar.s of

August in,SSS< 1690 to
i&y 25,1900: $ 55,000.00.

total to June 30,1912: $ 55,000,00, >

Bat teryy Pneumatic x
Jafer 7,1898 — $ 150,000.00

K

*

Mav 25,1000* 180,000.00

Total $ '330,000.00

2i.5oo.oc
Uc,ooc.oo
U5,ooo.oo
U5, 000.00
h5,ooo.oo

For Contingencies of Fortifications : K

1890- 1900 : $ 78,OU9.2u.

Equipment of Coast Artillery,
armories, Organized iiilitia :"

March 3,1911- $ 338,170.00.

Total:

$ U7l;,500.00.

CO

b";

U -i-

* Ifeder the acts of September 22,1888 and tfxrch 2,1W9, ••Dymanite Batteries" o"
were constructed M#r the Ordnance Department, at San i'rancisco Harbor. **

California, and at Sandy Hook, New Jersey?*- IO98 appropriation was to t

erect** parapets and magazines for the battery at San Francisco. The work* *

at San Francisco were completed by June 30,1899. On June l,1905,the Hoard
5f Ordnance and Forti f i r.-i-M on wnnr+oH +v,^+ +u« 4.a~ j. * * .•!* .„_

8

*t».

So

AFHtOrPIATIOUS ^OR SUBIfrP.IHL: MINIS CP Tiq':H^DO USJ'SICB
"epteiribcr |S5HHE Jun0 S55SE

Act of Construction oi' Purchase of r

struct iires nines, rcateriallOthcr Totals

1. September I
22,l8e8 . $ 200,000

2. March 2,1869 $ 272,000.00 $ 250,000.00 $ 80,000.00 602,000

3. -Aug. 18,1890 100,000'. 00 100,000 30, OCX) . 230,000

h. Fcb.?Uilf91 66,000.0-> 52,000 C llS.CXX)

[linjjis funds returned to Treasury ( - $ 29, 708. 51a/

5. ^arch 2,1895 20,000 20,000 0 U0,000

6. June 6,1696 ... 100,000

7. March 3,1897 150,000

8. March ^,16^6

(Nat.Defaae ACT) 2.^,000.00 1,309,161.71 1,559, 1C1. 71

9. Ifey.ii, 1898 50,000 300,000 350,000

10. ifcy 7,1698 150,0^10

11.. July 7,18°8 650,000 736,000 1,386,000.

(Not spent Apr! 2,1D?8-July 7,1^98 and returned tc Treasury — — 1,166,522.07;

12. March 3, 1899 --- ■"O.OOC.OO.

subtotal :,1668-1S9? : ?; 3,?36,^0,^i
L3. i lay 25, 1900 50,000.00

lL. Iferch 1,1901 50,000.00

15. February U, 1902 2.68

16. June 6,1902 33,000-... 33,000.00

17. Jnly 1,1902 U.38
18. March 3,1903 . 50,000.00 50,000.00

19. April 21, 190U 87,000.00 87,000.00

?0. March 3,1905 bOO, 000. 00 UOOTOiO.OO

Subtotal of: $ X£& 1,778,000.00

appropriated to build $ 2,628,957.36 $ U,aj.06,957.36.

structures.

. (Appropriated but not spent r.r.cl
returned to Tr.-:;ury: $ 1,196,?31.U.
50

APFP.OH'.IfiTIOHS FOR SUHK'iP.IIlL HIKES AND TORPEDO L^rcilSSCoarrriU^b) 2

Act of 3tru?t"r"S ''ht/;ri^.l,Tr.l;y:s. i/Vior Totrtj

21. June 25,1906 175,000.00 .' 175,000.00

22. 'arch 2,1907 .... 175,000.00 . 175,0)0.00

23. rfey 27,190$..... 175,000.00 175,000.00

2lu ^ch 3,1909.... 100,000.00 100,000.00

25. Ifcrch h,1911 50,0>0.00 5V^V:")

Total to June 30,1912: $ 2,2*53,000 $ 2,626,957.36 $ 5,081,957.36

Expropriated
1688 to 1912
to bu5Jjd
Torpedo Structttres

>>

Arrspv oor j. it ions for the Reservation
and Repair of Tornado Structures

1. June 25,1906...

2. :feroh 2,1907...

3. »«y 27,1908....
U. -feroh 3,1909...

5. June 23,1910.

6. 4irch 1i,1911..*

7. June 6,1912....

$ 10,000.00
10,000.00

.. i5,ooc.oc

20,000.00
20,000.00
20,0. >0. 00
20,000.00

Totp.l: 1886-191?:

$ 115,000.00.

- 51 -

S2

APff/jpr-r.Ticts: it :*£M'.l y:v£ res

SLA SpfiiiT rOKTU IGATI0II3, GGlPJ CT U.C.

/t.mjt Luanrjrr-S, 1889 to 1910

Compiled by Charles 17. 3iic21
fron the Ar-v.al P.snorta end J^P SkUk< 1666-193 2)
of the Chief of Zngiiiccrs*

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72

APPENDIX V
DATA ON NUi-mi?. AliD RAffi d- SO&TRU.riJDE OF

suDiffj.ias :mE en tcf.isso r-Lnnisi: sTTr&?urj2s,

Conpiled fro:i the Annual Reports nf
the Chief of Engineers, 1609-1? 30

Charles W. Snell

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- 73 -

7U

applied: vi

List of the
Chief of Engineers, Ju2y ^IggS to JUhc 30,1912

U.S. Al£lff_

Date of amcintnent :

i)

Brigadier Generals :

1, Thomas line oln Casey

2. WllHrji P. Craigh±01
3» John H. V/ilson

U» Henry M» Robert
5» John W, Bar lor
6. George L. GJJ^Jjjsspie
7« Alexander "-feckenzie
8* W. L. ifershall
9. W. II. Bixby

July 6,1888
J*iy 10,11'?$
February 1,1*97
April 30,1901
May 2,1901
Ifey 3,1901
January 23,1907
July 2,1906 •

Jnne 12,1910 to

- 7h -

AP3EHDH VII

Noted on the Development of the Third (ifoclorn)
American i'?.vy, 1^1-IS'Ol""

In 16GO the American Ife/vy, comprised of ?2 wooden and ip:"."^

iron-clad ships, was inferior to the navy of every principal

European country, Chile- and Japan • In 1881 secretary of the

Navy William II. Hunt took the first snail step toward launching

a new naval building program hy ao pointing a board of officers

to study needs and make reeo.Tmoridations. His successor William

E. Chandler carried on the campaign and the Act of ^hrch 3,1883

authorized the pf the first steel-hulled steamers in th.2
A

American Wavy/ the cruisers Atlantr., I'ortor.f and Chicago, rnd

I 'J „ the Qhsffila ?"-'' .Baltiv.org.

the " dispatch^ooat Dolphin. Two more cnzliTcl'a aria two 0~u ~oi(zz-9

t** Concord and Egjgely , .. . . . ,COr, _. J}

— — — £±36 cr steel, were authorised in lo (35 • The first five cruisers

were knovm "protected cruisers", with displacements up to 5,0~!0 tons.

TheJlcarried an armored deck/^ft' several inches thick, intended to

protect " vital riarts", but had no side armor* ■Spry jmj . IlJ fron

-£ to ^5 8-inch guns and up to 1U f?-inch guns. Their maximum speed

as
was about ?0 knots. Although built e* steel^*P!&"*9iSsfcC steamers, .

they were still nim 1? ;rovide(JI|rith masts and rigging for iiails.

The gunfu averaging about l,0CO tons, were armed with U*inch and

6-inch rapid-fire guns and were intended for use on inland waters an:*

in rivers.

In 1886 Congress appropriated funds for the i-^inc( 6,680 tons)
and the Texas (6,315) ton^(*tf£ri.ginally called seccnd-class battleships 1
they were later more properly classified^ armored cruisers.
Funds for a third armored cruiser, the New York, were provided inl868.

Armorered cruisiers had their decks and sides protected with armor *>/*■**-
and *wllud a main battery of six or eight 8-incfc guns and a number of

7*

76

smaller rapid-fire guns#

Naval Secretary Benjamin F, Tracy icnllod for the constriction

of the first " first-class battleships" or srpital ships in 168°.

The act of June 30,1/K/O provided for three "seagoing Roustal LattlssWin

the Indiana, ifessashnsettsj and Oregon, each displacing 10,288 tons*

Itech vessel was armed with -if- 13-inch, eight 0-inch, and four tf 6-inch

guns, had a firaft of 2h feet %and c speed of cbout 16.2 knots.

Also added in the 1090 's were the battleship Iowa( 11,336 tons), be.jun

and
in 1693 1 the armored c ttiser Brooklyn •

The war with Spain spxred or. the ;>rojrar.i. 7n .fey lb9f> three

battleships and 2? smaller ships, including 16 dsestroyers-the

first of this tj^jo in the TI.S. Navy, were voted by Congress.

In i&rch 1099 tl-iroe more battleships and three armored crv.isers

were authorized, e s were two more battleships and three armor pd

cruisers in 1900. Ibney was also voted in 1900 to construct

the ^avy's first submarine, the Holland,

The appearance of the British Dreadnought, in December 1906,

armed with a main battery of ten W1 i *r?noh tfaris, rendrrcc1 -11

r

i

and comissionr.d in 1910,
voted in 1907^ was the first U.S. battleship to reflect*** the breai.:;o";;h

influence
Erayton Harris, The aj^o of the lattlnship, 1590-19^2 (Hew vork,1965>) .

+

76

Uiiiterf. gtates few r.r gj liaval Tovzcj, 1V>?V~V.'95

77

1090 ?eacotir>e Strettirth

1090-109? li«rtiiio Strati :th

Regular *g22£

Officers : 2,131*
Heat ?6,0»-0

Total : 2S,17U

Regular and Volunteer Arrer

Regular Arrya 6?,S°7

Yol-antccr Arrra 1^,':QP

Tnt-1» ' T7!5? -.'•?

Havy
Officers :

1,?32

TSun i?t^

Havy

Officers : 2,088

Tien; 21,123

Total 26,211

Grand Total Armed
Forces, ''iarch 16??: Ul,13>6

Qrand Total Araed

Forces,!^-??. 213, Co8,

77

78

ap?i;hdd: ho. vtii

APPF'.OF-.P.TIOIL FCP. TAFT RRXOi SEAC0&5T 'JEEZlZig
EI CUBA, Tit: KAv'AIIAH ISLAIHS, /Mb THL PHILE'PE^L'l.V.ifflS,
AIT'.IL 21,.190b to JUNE 30,1?12

78

Jf 79

Project.:

General

Ifewnii

Philippines

Orer.rt Total

l.GUI? ■-. HCP.TAJ-. 3
B/TTU'XS: •

1,1,00,000.00

$ 1, 517,200

-- 0 1 1 .• • -• s ...

2. PTJiTTT, SSARCH-
T.IGHTS :

30,000

153,600

319,000

502, 600.0c

^ • 1 J* -*»1 ■'■if If j - '--J- -»i >. U

I^TAUV.TIOU:

0

3i:,,;6?

U2O,705

U55,?5L-..:-

a. Preservation 3c

Repair cf Fortifi-:atior

.s : 0

500

? 2, 0C0

22,"oo.::

5. Pr p 3 er ration & *uejJiif
cf Torpedo Structures

r 0

3

2,500

6«?ire Control at
lotteries :

793, OX

7C"? flT! " "

7. Purchase of T<&ncL

0

350,000

17,000

367,0-0.?

I

8, Supplies for
Seacoast rcjTenses

0

1,750

7.<00

9,2?o.:.

$• Ibiibnarinc "'?.ne
^ De^fonaes :

200,000

129,000

150,000

a7?,ooc.::

■:y--y:r ■•■•-"-■ ->:-:• •.•-••-■'.».-■•:-■<-.• •-•

>••-::-::-■»•'-•'■ *■«-:-.**:

■:•-::-•.:• :-■:-»■•-::- '-»:-

::-.:- :-.MXKriH'-s--.-::- j-r. #-.:- • :-r> -:•- - ;- -•:■ :- -.>:-

1

GRASD TOTAIS :
lfl.98— 191? :

2, l< 23, 000

$ 2,166,519

6,161,785

*. 10,771,301: .0:

For Fortifications at the f ollov;ing five ports
1. Guantanamo I>ay, Cuba.
2 . Honolulu, J fcivaii •
3. Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
li. Ifrnila, Philippine Island.
5. Subic Bay, Philipines. -^ -

79

PO
1. APIEOiEIATIOTE, P/TTU'.TOJS, CBTN LIT) HUP.TA:' ., rr^L/j: P'SO^SSIOIL

/^

Act of
1. April 21,190U
2.. ybrch 3,19$
3. June 2£,lr06
km -ii'ch 7,1907

5, i fry 27,199^
6. iferch 3,1909

7. J'-cie 23,1910
8 .March 1,1911

9. June 6-,1912

TOTAIS:

TAFT HCy.RD Pi*. Iff;, l?Oli-.T'v;e 30,1912

Ofmcrul Kr.iraii ^tilr.ypiricf.

700,000.00 0 0

700,000.00

260,000.00

200,000.00 500,000.00
Loo,ono.oo 9:;u,oco.oo

337,200.00 1,000,000.00

0 800,000.00

13'0,000.00 l,lf'o, 000.00

- 170,000.00 Coo, 00 0.00

Total

$ 700,0'^yr

700,000.^0
260,000.00
7C0,C00.r:

9y. •<-'■, >■■-'• ■■■<
1,337,200.00.

[no, 010.00
1,319,000.0:

P 70,000. CO

1,1*00,000 1,^17,200 £,223,000 8,liiO,2Q0.10

Act of
March 2, IP 07

General
$ 30,000

HrT.rr.ii

U?,5oo

66,000

h0,100

?nr l:".pr>iries

180,000

0

139, xo

$ 30,000.00

227,500.0-

66,000. •:

139,000.00

hOjloo.oo

T,-vn« tc .

•0 • •> rv\o

1^3,600

319,000 $ ?02,6OC.?.0

■*s-

80

X ei

3. APH'.Om'.TIOZEj PViIIT-jlTi&'IT'.ICAL PT3T!1. TI/ 'TTOIE , giftrJUT. j^.'-r^SIOI!^

Act o£

Ifevaii Philippines Tot:«l

l.'.'c.y 27,1?08 0 20,030 $ U5,OT $ 13£,QCC«03

2. ifcrch 3,1909 lU,U6? C0,P.23 133,292 .X

S. June 23,1910 .0 .-US,000 US, 003. 00

It. '-hrch !:,lcll 0 171, 96? 1?1, r-6" . 3j

i out jj I U.y -'l— — • -i-C • *-^y.;\jj % .'^ U' .•, j ■__.•.■<».•

:•>• , • ^ •

Act e.f :lg.-rr.ii Philippic s Totrl

1. June 23,3?10 0 7,00? $ 7,000.0:

2.-<%rah 1;,1°11 0 7,000 7,003.r

5.

3. Jure 6,1912 £30

8,000

B.SCO.^J

T0TAIS : 1901-1912 : % pOOwOC

% 22,000.00

$ 22,?00. jo

misiUVATici' a:d f.uekb of ronrEDO

SIR

r; r.

?0££5SiC!&

Act of Hav.-c-.ii Hiili.-.-pines ?ct-l

1. June 23,1910 0 1,003.00 $ 1,000.00

?. :&roh U,1931 0 1,-300.03 1,000.03

3. June 6,191? 0 gOO.OO gOQ.X-

TOTATS, I90'i-I9l2: 0 2,5fC0.30 $ 2,200.00

-/"-

82

4F C3
6. A?rr.oir.r.Tio?s rcr. rifts coi.trol at i;att^-.ti:s, imsuut-. pgyiiosioi^

AOT CT Assigned to Unirineer Dcpt. Total At)!»rcbri":t3"on
1. iferch 2,1907 -75,000.00 $ loo,0.)j.oo

?.ii?y 27,19. ?8 75,CX>.00 . 2U3jOOO.OO-

3 .''arch 3,190? 222,1-27.00 250,000.00

U. June 23, WO 23,250.00 200,000.00

190L-1912: ?;■ 385,57'7.00 0 793,000.00

Act of

llav.-aii

Riili^pines

Totsl

l«April 21,190k

$ 200,000

0

$ 200,000.00

2. June 25,1906

150,000

0

?. #ay 27,1900

0

5,000

U, Iferch 3,1909

0 .

1?,000

12,000.00

TOTALS: 190U-1912 : $ 350,000.00 $ 17,0002 $ 367,000.00

8. Alcorn i'. ticie for supple:?: i en si^ooast DLri::£;:o, ii'.u^r ?o^^;.:s:i..;jo

Act of Hawaii Philippines • | Totr-.l '_

l.J:vr.r. 23,1°10 0 2,500 0 2500. 70

2, March 1,1911 1,000 2,500 $ 3,500.00

3>June 6,1912 7£0 2,500 3, 250.00

TOTAIS: 190?4-1912: 1,750.00 7,500.^0 $ 9,250.00

£3

flb

9# APSP.jg:r itioic i'(P sirniyj-iTC miniis, b&uiar pos;i::;sio?l

Act of General HearSAjd Philij nines Totjkl

1. June 8,1808

(for I^niaa Harbor 0 • ' 0 $ 1^0,000 $ 1*0,003.00

2.i1arch 2,1907- % 200,000 0 0 20C,C:C.:0

3. I'hy 27,1906 0_ 129,000 ' 0 1?9,0"0.00

T0TAI£, 1898-1912: % 200,000 % 12?, 000 t 1^0,000 $ 1, 79, 000. X

From Ihdex to ^o-orts, Chief of Zr>z±n3crz ,:i .'^ . Aivy, lPSjWung ""0,191?
(Serial No. 6617) Sages 1609-1(515.

Taft Board Report, of February 1,1906:

Fortifications at "^.rJJla and Subic Bay, Philippine £;L'\.ids. 19C)t-05

" at Honolulu and Pearl Harbor, Hav;aii l?0U-OfJ.

" at Guantnnano Bay, Cuba,l?0h-05.

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